Statistics
Staging
Chemotherapy
Neoadjuvant
Resection
100
Approximately 10 to 50 percent of patients experience this after colon or rectal cancer resection, either locally or distally.
What is recurrence?
100
This is the treatment of stage I colon cancer.
What is resection?
100
This is the classic toxicity of oxaliplatin.
What is (acute/chronic) peripheral neuropathy?
100
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer that received this showed more tumor downstaging, less apical lymph node involvement, less resection margin involvement and greater tumor regression as compared with those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
What is neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
100
TME is its acronym.
What is total mesorectal excision?
200
The is the approximate lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (+/- 1).
What is 4 to 5 percent?
200
This is the most current edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging guidelines.
What is the 8th?
200
These acronymous chemotherapy regimens are equivalent in efficacy and recommended as adjuvant therapy after resection of stage III colon cancer.
What are FOLFOX and XELOX?
200
These are the stages at which neoadjuvant therapy is appropriate for rectal cancer.
What are stage II and stage III.
200
This is the number of lymph nodes needed for adequate pathologic staging.
What is 12?
300
The approximate percentage of rectal cancer patients that complete chemotherapy pre-operatively versus post-operatively respectively.
What are 82 and 43 percent?
300
This defines stage III colorectal cancer.
What is nodal positivity?
300
These are the three components of FOLFOX.
What are folinic acid (leucovorin), 5-fluorourocil and oxaliplatin?
300
This defines stage II colorectal cancer.
T3 or T4 lesions (through the mucularis propria into periocolorectal tissue or through visceral peritoneum into surrounding structures).
300
These are indications for adjuvant radiation in colon cancer.
What are T4 lesions penetrating to a fixed structure or for recurrent disease?
400
According to the QUASAR study this is the absolute improvement in survival among stage II colon cancer patients that received adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II disease (+/- 1).
What is 3.6% (will accept 2 to 5%)?
400
These features suggest the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer (name 3).
What are T4 disease, obstruction or perforation at initial presentation, poorly differentiated tumors, presence of lymphovascular invasion or perineal invasion, evidence of inadequate surgical removal or inadequate pathologic assessment of lymph nodes, evidence of close, indeterminate or positive surgical margins, elevated CEA preoperatively.
400
A positive result for this test suggests that a stage II colon cancer may be less likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU.
What is testing for micro satellite instability? NCCN recommends that stage colon II cancers undergo MSI testing.
400
This is the five year survival of complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
What is 90 percent?
400
These are benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer as compared to adjuvant therapy (name 2).
What is reduction in tumor size with resultant increase in sphincter preservation, decreased risk of radiation therapy to the small bowel, avoidance of delay of adjuvant therapy secondary to surgical morbidity.
500
This is the reported rate of tumor downstaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for colon cancer.
What is 60 percent?
500
These are the elements of the staging workup for rectal cancer (must get all four).
MRI or EUS, CEA, endoscopy, CT c/a/p with contrast.
500
These study types, already used in adjuvant therapy decision making in breast cancer, calculate recurrence scores.
What are multigene assays?
500
ypT0N0M0 after neoadjuvant therapy.
What is complete pathologic response?
500
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