Key Figures
This psychologist saw adolescence as a transitional stage.
G. Stanley Hall
G. Stanley Hall described adolescents with this adjective
Frustrated
Adolescents who have explored many choices and made firm commitments are in this status according to Marcia.
identity achievement
This type of friendship encourages individuals to reexamine their beliefs.
developmental friendship
This stage in Kohlberg’s model involves following rules to avoid punishment.
What is Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment Orientation)
This psychologist studied adolescence in Samoa.
Margaret Mead
Friendships that cross different social or cultural backgrounds help adolescents gain this skill, essential for social development.
cultural awareness
A person with a mix of traditionally male and female characteristics is described as this.
androgynous
A small, exclusive group within a larger group is known as this.
clique
At this stage, children begin to see negotiation in moral decisions, often asking "What's in it for me?"
What is Stage 2 (Self-Interest Orientation)
This person originated the term "identity crisis."
Erik Erikson
This word describes adolescents’ ability to function independently.
autonomy
This term refers to a mental representation that helps a child organize gender-specific behaviors.
gender schema
Cliques assist adolescents in achieving this aspect of social identity.
establishing an identity
In Kohlberg’s model, this stage involves living up to social expectations, often known as "good boy/good girl" behavior.
What is Stage 3 (Social Conformity Orientation)
He studied how college students adjust.
Peter Madison
This type of peer influence can lead adolescents to explore new interests and activities, positively shaping their identity.
positive peer pressure
This is the fear of losing group acceptance if one doesn’t conform to group norms.
fear of rejection
This is the term for an adolescent's heightened self-consciousness, where they believe others are constantly watching them.
imaginary audience
At this stage, people may disobey rules if they believe they are wrong, focusing on the greater good.
What is Stage 5 (Social Contract Orientation)
This term refers to the uneven maturation of bodily parts during adolescence.
asynchrony
This factor can contribute to teen depression, especially when it’s disrupted.
family unit breakdown
A fixed belief about what women or men should do represents this term.
gender stereotype
This concept describes the importance of having someone who mentors you through career choices.
developmental support
People who adhere to ethical principles regardless of laws are at this highest moral stage.
What is Stage 6 (Universal Principles Orientation)