Diagnosis/Misc.
Levels of which hormone can differentiate between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?
What is ACTH?
List common symptoms of adrenal insufficiency?
What is: Fatigue, hypoglycemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, etc.
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency is due to a problem with which organ?
What is the adrenal glands?
Will adrenal insufficiency show hypo or hypernatremia?
What is hyponatremia?
Name the three zones of the adrenal cortex from outermost to innermost
What is zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis?
What is the first test used in the diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency?
BONUS 200: Why must it be measured over a 24 hour period?
What is morning cortisol?
BONUS 200: What is cortisol decreases throughout the day?
Patients with adrenal insufficiency have hypotension because of a lack of activation of this receptor.
What is Alpha 1?
This is a chronic cause of Adrenal Insufficiency that is often autoimmune.
What is Addison's Disease?
Which cation is high in patients with adrenal insufficiency?
What is potassium?
Name the hormone(s) released by each zone of the adrenal cortex.
Zona Glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona Fasciculata - Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Zona Reticularis - Androgens/DHEA
BONUS 200 points! What is the name of our patient?
The ____ stimulation test is used following the establishment of a low morning cortisol
What is ACTH stimulation test?
Which hormone deficiency leads to hypoglycemia in patients with aldosterone deficiency?
What is cortisol? Cortisol promotes lipolysis and gluconeogenesis
This acute cause of adrenal insufficiency is due to an infection with Neisseria meningiditis.
What is Waterhouse-Friedrickson Syndrome?
Patients with adrenal insufficiency with develop a metabolic _______ due to decreased activation of this protein.
What is acidosis, and the H+ATPase pump?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are released by the _____ ______
What is adrenal medulla?
The right adrenal vein empties into the ___, the left adrenal vein empties into the _____
Bonus 400: How old was the patient in our PIBL case?
What is IVC, what is Left Renal Vein?
Bonus 400:
What is: 10 days old
Females specifically develop which symptoms in aldosterone deficiency?
What is loss of armpit hair, pubic hair, and decreased libido?
What is the process by which Adrenal Insufficiency can be caused exogenously?
What is prompt cessation of steroids?
What drug is used as treatment for Hyperaldosteronism, and what receptor does it bind to?
What is Sprionolactone, what is the Aldosterone receptor?
What is the most common cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism?
What is renal artery stenosis?
We determined on Monday that this was not DiGeorge Syndrome. What hormones are deficient in DiGeorge Syndrome?
What is Thyroid Hormone, Parathyroid Hormone?
Why do men with adrenal insufficiency NOT experience a lack of testosterone
What is due to testosterone production by the testes?
What is Hypothalamus, What is Pituitary Gland.
Couldn't think of another hard question...
IV hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone acetate are both used in the treatment for adrenal insufficiency. Why are both of these needed?
What is:
Hydrocortisone serves as glucocorticoid replacement
Fludrocortisone serves as a mineralocorticoid replacement
Why does only ____ Adrenal Insufficiency lead to Hyperpigmentation?
What is, only Primary Adrenal Insufficiency leads to Hyperpigmentation. In Primary Adrenal Insufficiency, ACTH levels are high, and POMC, the precursor to ACTH, also produces MSH, leading to the darkening of skin.