Fluid/Electrolyte/Acid/Base
What type of IVF is D5.45?
hypertonic
Describe stage 2 of cancer
limited to local spread
What should iron supplements be taken with to increase absorption?
citric juices (orange juice)/vit C
How is morphine administered differently for hospice pts?
can be given around the clock even if pt is unresponsive
What PSA level is considered elevated?
>4
How does an ABG for respiratory acidosis read?
low pH, high pCO2 HCO3 rises with compensation
When does alopecia begin with chemo?
2-3 weeks after 1st dose
What is the normal hematocrit range?
35-45
Who goes on hospice?
if a serious disease or illness would cause death within 6 months if all treatment is stopped
What foods decrease risk of BPH?
tomatoes, vegetables
What are the main symptoms sodium shows? What are the main symptoms potassium shows?
Sodium: neuro
Potassium: cardiac
At what age should African Americans or men with a first degree relative who have prostate cancer be tested for prostate cancer?
45
What is the normal hemoglobin range? (both male and female)
Male: 12-18
Female: 12-16
What do we do for actively dying hospice pts?
stop all fluids, fan on face, remove blankets and restrictive clothing, position for comfort
How do we manually irrigate?
use piston syringe and sterile saline to push fluid in and suck it back out
What is the proper level of pH, CO2, and HCO3?
pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3: 22-26
What are the screening guidelines for breast cancer?
- age 40-44 option to start screening
- age 45-54 mammogram yearly
- age 55+ can switch to mammogram every other year
What type of pt will be given erythropoietin?
kidney/dialysis pts but pt must be capable of bone marrow production
What are nursing managements in the last few hrs of life?
imit assessments to those that determine pain and comfort (e.g: measure pain and respirations)
What type of medications should a pt avoid while taking 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (-asteride) and alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers (-sin)?
- cold medications
- nasal decongestants
- diet pills
- anticholinergics
- opioids
What does hypertonic fluid do?
increases vascular space; decreases interstitial and intracellular
What are adverse effects of Antimetabolites - 5 Fluorouracil? (name 3)
myelosuppression, n/v, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, hyperpigmentation, rash
What rate should blood run at?
1-2 mL/min for the first 15 mins, but once that 15 mins is up, we can increase the rate if vitals are ok
What are physical manifestation at the end of life when the pt has days remaining?
- oliguria/anuria and incontinence
- decreased or absent senses and response to stimuli
- terminal secretions: noisy, wet-sounding respiration; "death rattle"
- terminal lucidity
- temp fluctuations
- increased hr with decreasing bp
- near-death awareness
What is the MOA of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors (-asteride)?
prevents the changing of testosterone to DHT, shrinking the size of the prostate gland