Systolic Evaluation
Diastolic Evaluation
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic Regurgitation
Cardiomyopathies
100
This systolic value is considered normal when it is approximately 55%.
What is the Ejection Fraction?
100
Poor LV Compliance; E < A
What is Impaired Diastology?
100
Senile Calcific Degenerative
What is the most common form of Aortic Stenosis in the adult?
100
Aortic regurgitation occurs in this cardiac phase.
What is Diastole?
100
Three main categories of CMPs
What are: (1)Dilated/Congestive (2)Hypertrophic and (3)Restrictive Cardiomyopathies?
200
This measure of systolic function utilizes a mitral regurgitant jet for its calculation and reflects a change in left ventricular pressure.
What is the LV dP/dT
200
LV and LA pressures equalize; LA fills with blood from the pulmonary veins
What is Diastasis?
200
Peak-to-peak and peak instantaneous gradients
What is the difference in maximum pressure gradient calculation in echocardiography and cardiac catheterization?
200
Aortic Stenosis can be auscultated as a crescendo-decrescendo murmur; however, Aortic Regurgitation has these auscultation characteristics.
What is (1)Diastolic (2)Blowing (3)Decrescendo Murmur?
200
Patient C: BP 86/58 HR 112 BPM Respiratory Rate 21 RPM Apical Tethering w/ Double Diamond M-Mode Appearance
What is Dilated CMP?
300
Myocardial wall motion moves paradoxically in systole and is scored as a "4" in terms of the WMSI.
What is Dyskinetic?
300
IVRT of 112 ms
What is Prolonged IVRT? NL: 80 - 100 ms Prolonged: 100 or > Shortened: 60 or <
300
Aortic stenosis causes an increase in peak systolic LV pressure, causing an increase in this cardiovascular physiologic concept.
What is Afterload?
300
This index of LV pressure can be calculated with an Aortic Regurgitation jet.
What is LVEDP?
300
Patient D: BP 168/110 HR 80 BPM EF 78% B-Bump on M-Mode Grade II Diastolic Dysfunction
What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
400
0.785 x LVOT2 x LVOT VTI
What is Doppler SV Formula?
400
Poor LV compliance + Elevated LAP
What is Pseudonormal Diastology?
400
Continuity Equation
What is 0.785 x LVOT 2 x LVOT VTI/ AoV VTI
400
Patient B: Aortic Regurgitation PHT is calculated to be 115 milliseconds.
What is Severe Aortic Regurgitation?
400
Four types of Restrictive CMPs
What are 1)Non-Infiltrative 2)Infiltrative 3)Storage Disease 4)Endomyocardial Restrictive CMPs?
500
High output states, arrhythmias, therapeutic noncompliance, acute ischemia, emotional/physical stress are examples of these:
What is Precipitants of Heart Failure?
500
Bypasses the high filter and utilizes low gain amplitude to examine myocardial velocities
What is Tissue Doppler Imaging?
500
Calculate the AVA for Patient A: LVOT Diameter = 2.0 cm AoV VTI = 60 cm LVOT VTI = 20 cm
What is 1.0 cm squared?
500
Diastolic flow reversal of this structure is indicative of severe aortic regurgitation.
What is Thoracic/Abdominal (Descending) Aorta?
500
Patient E: RV Dilatation Ventricular Tachycardia Increased echogenicity of myocardium SCA-- Autopsy reveals adiposity
What is Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia?
M
e
n
u