Diseases
An infection in the lung that may be caused by bacteria, virus, or fungus.
Gas exchange is disrupted due to the mass of exudate blocking alveoli and reduction in lung expansion.
What is pneumonia?
Dysnpea, chronic cough, crackles, wheezes, and diminished breath sounds, rapid shallow respirations, use of accessory muscles, decreased oxygen saturation, barrel chest, clubbing of the finger and toenails, pallor/cyanosis of nail beds, an thin extremities.
What are manifestations of COPD?
What are asthma diagnostic tests?
Monitor LOC, monitor respiratory system, administer corticosteroids, anticholingerics, short and long-acting beta-agonists, methylxanthines, short and long-acting antimuscarinics and leukotriene receptor antagonists are prescribed. Encourage hydration and high protein diet.
What is the plan care for COPD?
COPD is the umbrella term for these two disorders.
What are emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
Inflammation that results in bronchoconstriction, edema of the airways, and increased mucous production, causing limited airflow.
What is asthma?
Fever, facial flushing, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough, purulent sputum, and diaphoresis.
Sputum culture and sensitivity, CBC, ABG, blood cultures, electrolytes, chest x-ray, pulse oximetry
What are diagnostic tests for pneumonia?
Elevate head of bed, administer short-acting beta-2-agonists, oxygen, corticosteroids, IV fluids, identify/ avoid/ remove triggers, monitor LOC, monitory respiratory system, and coach the patient to use pursed-lip breathing.
What is the plan of care for asthma?
Should be stored in a dry place. Tilt head back slightly, breathe out slowly and completely. Place inhaler mouthpiece and close lips tightly around it. Inhale quickly and deeply through the mouth for 2-3 seconds, take the inhaler out the mouth, and hold breath for 10 seconds.
What are dry powder inhalers?
A progressive and irreversible disease that is caused by smoking, pollutants, and genetics.
This disease causes patients to have the inability to expire air, therefore they have carbon dioxide trapped in their body.
What is COPD?
Cough, increased mucus, SOB, wheezing and prolonged expiration, increased CO2 retention, chest tightness, tachycardia, cyanosis, anxiety, and use of accessory muscles.
What are manifestations of asthma?
What are diagnostic tests for COPD?
Position patient upright, administer IV fluids, administer antibiotics, encourage use of incentive spirometer, prevent by getting pneumonia and flu vaccines, administer oxygen if hypoxic.
What is the plan of care for pneumonia?
A spacer or holding chamber can be used to promote the delivery of the medication to the lungs. Use warm water to rinse mouthpiece and cap. To use, remove cap and inspect for debris, shake the inhaler if shaking is required. Stand or sit up straight and breathe out completely. Hold inhaler upright with the mouthpiece at the bottom and the top pointing up. Place the mouthpiece in the mouth and close lips tightly around it. Keep tongue out of the way. Begin to inhale slowly and then activate the inhaler a split-second later. Continue inhaling for 3-5 seconds until lungs are full. Hold breath for 10 seconds. Exhale slowly. Clean inhaler weekly.
What are metered dose inhalers?
An infection of the lungs acquired within 48-72 hours after admission. All patients are at risk, but immunocompromised patients are at highest risk.
What is nosocomial pneumonia?
Anxiety, fatigue, weakness, altered level of consciousness, irritability, agitation, confusion, lethargy, dyspnea, tachypnea, and low oxygen saturation.
What are signs of hypoxia in pneumonia?
ABG, venous blood gas, lactic acid levels, carbon dioxide levels.
What are general lab tests for altered gas exchange?
What is thoracentesis?
Can be set up with oxygen or compressed air. Deep diaphragmatic breathing and coughing effectively after treatment will help to expectorate the secretions. Clean with soap and water or soak in 1:1 solution of white vinegar and water for 20-30 minutes and rinse with water.
What are nebulizers?
Occurs when gastric contents or foreign bodies get in the lungs. Patients with decreased LOC, dysphagia, or loss of GI function are at highest risk.
Allergies, irritants in the air, smoking, exercise, stress, GERD, medications, and infections.
What are asthma triggers?
CT scan, pulmonary angiogram, ventilation/ perfusion (VQ) scan, and chest x-ray.
What are diagnostic procedures for altered gas exchange?
What is a chest tube?
Results in the destruction of alveoli without fibrosis.
What is emphysema?