Hematology
The type of leukemia that has an acute onsent and is most commonly seen in older adults. Characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloblasts.
What is:
- AML
What should the nurse do with the weights in skeletal traction?
What is:
- leaving the weights hanging off the bed
What are the main risk factors for Osteoporosis?
What is:
- Low bone density mass / small framed females (<58 kg) / european & asian descent / LBW (low body weight)
Describe the pathophysiology of a herniated disk? Why does it occur?
What is:
- Weakening of or tear in the outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disk that allows soft portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge or herniate outside the disk?
This arthritis causes morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes, worsens with joint use, improves with rest, and primarily affects weight-bearing joints (which are :o?_______)
What is:
- Osteoarthritis / knees, hips, feet, lumbar spine, cervical spine, PIP and DIP)
A rare bone marrow failure disorder characterized by pancytopenia due to suppression or destruction of hematopoietic stem cells, often associated with infections, toxins, immune-mediated damage, or inherited mutations. Medication usually consists of _______ & ________ (testing that J1 pharm knowledge!)
What is:
- Aplastic anemia
- Filgrastim (Neuogen) & Epoetin-Alfa (Epogen)
One involves injury to muscles or tendons, the other to ligaments. They are often treated with ______ to reduce pain, swelling, and bleeding.
What is:
- Difference between strain and sprain
- RICE therapy (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).
The gold standard diagnostic exam for osteoporosis and the T-score that indicates osteoporosis.
What is:
- DEXA scan (Bone density test)
- T-score: 2.5 or lower = osteoporosis
What is:
- Multiple Sclerosis
- NO
What are some triggering factors for someone who has lupus, and what is a major complication associated with lupus?
What is:
- pregnancy / sunlight / illness / major surgery / silica dust / allergies
- Renal failure & stroke/hypercoagulation
The blood condition that has Reed-sternberg cells
What is:
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
A complication that occurs due to increased pressure within a closed muscle causing decreased blood flow and O2 delivery, resulting in irreversible nerve and muscle damage if not treated immediately. It is often cured by ______.
What is:
- Compartment Syndrome
- Fasciotomy
What are some of the modifiable and medication risk factors for osteoporosis?
What is: (MODIFIABLE)
- Calcium & Vitamin D intake / Sedentary lifestyle/ Cigarette smoking/ Excessive alcohol intake
What is: (MEDICATIONS)
- Corticosteroids therapy/ Anticonvulsants/ Heparin Therapy/ Thyroid Hormones
What are some drug classes that may be used for treatment in those who suffer from lower-back pain?
What is:
- SNRIs, benzos, tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDS, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, opioids, or muscle relaxers?
This disease causes red, warm, tender joints (wrists, knees, ankles) due to synovial inflammation, and is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Has morning stiffness that is worse at rest and worsens in the morning.
What is:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (targets the synovial membranes of joints).
HyperCalcemia, Renal insufficiency, Anemia, and Bone disease are key findings used to help diagnose multiple myeloma. What other dx test if positive indicates Multiple Myeloma? (hint: its a urine/protein test)
What is:
- CRAB
- Bence Jones protein (Benson Boone)
A nurse is caring for a patient 48 hours after a below-the-knee elective amputation. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent a long-term musculoskeletal complication that could interfere with prosthetic use?
What is:
- Keeping the residual limb flat (without a pillow underneath) and encouraging range-of-motion exercises?
What is the general time frame for patients taking IV infusions of ABX for osteomyelitis?
What is:
- 4 to 6 weeks
What is the disease that affects (1) _____ and (1) ______, causing spasticity (UMN), flaccidity (LMN), uncontrollable laughter, and ascending muscle weakness, often leading to (2) _______ (major complication).
What is:
1. Upper (spasticity) and lower (flaccidity) motor neuron
2. Aspiration pneumonia
What is the characteristic finding in someone who has lupus BUT ALSO what other signs or symptoms may you see?
What is:
- Fever, weight loss, joint pain, excessive fatigue
- Butterfly rash or Polyarthralgia
A patient with iron deficiency anemia presents with fatigue, pallor, and spoon shaped nails should be encouraged to consume iron-rich foods. What type of foods would you recommend to this patient? With what should you take it to enhance its absorption? (she loves nutrition questions)
What is:
- Red meat / leafy green vegetables / legumes
- Vitamin-C rich foods (citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers)
A nurse is applying a plaster of Paris cast to a patient’s lower extremity. What techniques and patient teaching are required to promote adequate healing and prevent complications while the cast is curing?
What is:
- Handle with palms only (NO FINGERTIPS) / allow > 24 hrs to drive / avoid weight bearing on cast till dry / keep cast clean & dry (cover with towel when showering) / avoid inserting items into cast to scratch (no forks)
Name post-op education about joint-replacement sx and potential complications
What is: (PATIENT EDUCATION)
- Hip flexion <90º / encourage use of raised toilet seat & pull bar when showering / remove scatter rugs / avoid crossing leg at knees (do the princess pose; cross at ankles) / use abduction pillow
What is: (COMPLICATIONS
- Hypotension / bleeding / hypovolemia / dislocation or subluxation
You have a patient that had a herniated disk. What are the teaching/nursing implications for this patient?
What is:
- Avoid bending at the waist when lifting / avoid pushing, pulling, or lifting 5 lbs / Position comfortably (HOB elevated 30º - 45º w/ knees bent) / encourage ROM
Out of these medications — acetaminophen, NSAIDs, methotrexate, and opioids — this drug is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that slows disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis.
What is:
- METHOTREXATE (pg. 407, 408, tab. 20.3)