Fluids
blood and blood products, salt water, TPN
What are hypertonic solutions?
7.35-7.45
What is the body's pH?
how the pt is when pH is increased
What is irritable?
FRIED SALT
What is mnemonic for hypernatremia?
-Flushed skin, Restlessness, Increased bp, Edema, Decreased urine, Skin is dry, Agitation, Low grade fever, Thirst
most common amino acid in the body
What is carbonic acid?
Lower osmotic pressure (<270 mOsm/L), more dilute/less solutes
What are hypotonic fluids?
22-28
What is HCO3 range?
buffers, breathing, kidneys
What are the 3 lines of defense with compensation?
MURDER
What is mnemonic for hyperkalemia?
-Muscle cramp, Urine abnormalities, Respiratory distress, Decreased cardiac contractility (decr. HR and BP), Ekg changes, Reflexes (decr.)
largest source of chemical buffers
What are protein buffers?
fresh water, half normal saline
What are hypotonic solutions?
35-45
What is CO2 range?
how the pt is when pH is decreased
What is body shutting down?
BACKME
What is mnemonic for hypercalcemia?
-Bone pain, Arrhythmias, Cardiac arrest, Kidney stones, Muscle weakness, Excessive urination
pt presents as sedated (HR, BP, RR, bowel sounds, DTR, energy)
What is hypermagnesemia?
greater osmotic pressure (>300 mOsm/L), more solutes
What are hypertonic fluids?
increased HCO3
What is alkalosis?
pH: 7.48
CO2: 30
HCO3: 30
What is uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?
SALT LOSS
What is mnemonic for hyponatremia?
-Stupor, Anorexia, Lethargy, Tachycardia, Limp muscles, Orthostatic hypotension, Seizures, Stomach cramps
hypoventilation causes an acid base imbalnce
What is acidosis?
-CO2 (an acid) builds up
increased CO2
What is acidosis?
pH: 7.32
CO2: 48
HCO3: 25
What is uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
CATS GO NUMB
What is mnemonic for hypocalcemia?
-Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasm, GO NUMB (numbness)
pt presents as excitable (HR, BP, RR, DTR, seizures, irritability)
What is hypomagnesemia?