Hemot Disorders
A client is being admitted with Iron Deficiency Anemia. Which of the following changes should the nurse recommend to help increase iron intake?
1. Increase consumption of iron supplements with meals to prevent GI upset.
2. Instruct the client to take iron supplements on an empty stomach to enhance absorption
3. Offer the client a diet high in fat to improve the absorption of iron.
4. Advise the client to take V-C supplements with the iron to prevent constipation.
What is:
2. Instruct the client to take iron supplements on an empty stomach to enhance absorption
A nurse is caring for a client with pernicious anemia. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention?
1. Administer folic acid supplements to increase RBC production.
2. Educate the client on a diet rich in V-K to support coagulation
3. Provide V-B 12 injections as prescribed
4. Instruct the client to avoid foods rich in iron to reduce iron overload.
What is:
3. Provide V-B 12 injections as prescribed
A nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory failure. The nurse notes that the client is experiencing increased work of breathing, tachypnea, and a decreased oxygen saturation level. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
1. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed
2. Administer oxygen therapy to maintain sats above 90%
3. Prepare for mechanical ventilation
4. Encourage the client to use pursed-lip breathing
What is:
2. Administer oxygen therapy to maintain sats above 90%
A nurse is caring for a client who presents with chest pain, SOB, and diaphoresis. The physician suspects Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate being ordered to confirm the diagnosis?
1. Chest XRAY
2. ECG
3. ABGS
4.Pulmonary function tests
What is:
2. ECG
A nurse is assessing a client with CAD. The nurse knows that which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for CAD?
1. Family history of heart disease
2. Age greater than 65 years old
3. Elevated blood cholesterol levels
4. Gender
What is:
3. Elevated blood cholesterol levels
**Clients can manage their cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication. Family Hx, Age, and Gender are nonmodifiable.
A nurse is assessing a client with polycythemia vera. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
1. Decreased hemoglobin levels
2. Painful, swollen joints
3. Pallor and fatigue
4. Enlarged spleen
What is:
4. Enlarged spleen
A nurse is caring for a client with sickle cell anemia who is experiencing a pain crisis. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing interventions?
1. Encourage the client to engage in more physical activity to improve circulation
2. Administer pain medication as prescribed to manage pain
3. Keep the client's room cool to reduce swelling
4. Apply cold compresses to painful joints
What is:
2. Administer pain medication as prescribed to manage pain
A nurse is assessing a client with ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Which of the following findings is most characteristic of ARDS?
1. Elevated BP and tachycardia
2. Progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy
3. Frothy sputum and wheezing on auscultation
4. Chest pain with pleuritic breathing
What is:
2. Progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia despite oxygen therapy
A nurse is teaching a client about the symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndome (ACS). Which of the following symptoms should the nurse emphasize as characteristic of ACS?
1. Sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the left arm or jaw
2. A sharp, localized chest pain that worsens with deep breaths
3. Shortness of breath and a dry, nonproductive cough
4. Pain that improves with rest and deep breathing exercises.
What is:
1. Sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the left arm or jaw
A nurse is caring for a client with CAD who has been prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse teaches the client about possible side effevts of the medication. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
1. "I should report any feelings of dizziness or lightheadedness to my HCP"
2. "Beta-Blockers may help slow my heart rate and reduce my BP"
3. "I will stop taking this medication if I feel tired or SOB"
4. "I may experience a slow HR as a result of this medication"
What is:
3. "I will stop taking this medication if I feel tired or SOB"
A client with anemia is prescribed erythropoietin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take while administering this medication?
1. Administer this medication SUBQ or IV
2. Inject the medication into a muscle to increase absorption
3. Give the medication with food to prevent nausea
4. Monitor the client's BP for increases.
What is:
1. Administer this medication SUBQ or IV
A nurse is reciveing a client's lab results and sees a WBC count of 14k. Which of the following conditions is the nurse most likely to associate with this elevated WBC count?
1. Anemia
2. Leukemia
3. Infection
4. Thrombocytopenia
What is:
3. Infection
A nurse is caring for a client with COPD. Which of the following teaching points is most important for the nurse to include in the plan of care?
1. "You should avoid drinking fluids to prevent overload"
2. "You should take deep breaths and hold them for 10 seconds to improve lung expansion."
3. "You should quit smoking and avoid exposure to respiratory irritants"
4."You should increase your sodium intake to help reduce inflammation"
What is:
3. "You should quit smoking and avoid exposure to respiratory irritants"
A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. The nurse knows that which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?
1. Peripheral edema
2. Jugular venous distention (JVD)
3. Dyspnea and orthopnea
4. Hepatomegaly
What is:
3. Dyspnea and orthopnea
**Remember, "Left Lung" meaning, left sided heart failure produces lung symptoms.
A nurse is administering nitroglycerin IV to a client with an acute MI. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
1. Monitor the client's BP frequently for hypotension
2. Administer the medication slowly to avoid a sudden drop in BP
3. Ensure the client remains on bedrest during the administration
4. Apply oxygen via nasal cannula at 6L/min
What is:
1. Monitor the client's BP frequently for hypotension
A nurse is caring for a client with aplastic anemia. Which of the following findings is the nurse most likely to assess in this client?
1. Decreased RBC count and normal platelets
2. Increased reticulocyte count and normal WBC count
3. Decreased RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets
4. Increased WBC count and normal Hgb
What is:
3. Decreased RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets
A client with a platelet count of 50k is at risk for which of the following?
1. Increased clotting and bleeding risk
2. Increased risk of bruising and bleeding
3. Increased risk of DVT
4. Decreased risk of hemorrhage
What is:
2. Increased risk of bruising and bleeding
A client with ARDS is receiving mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Which of the following is the primary goal of PEEP in the management of ARDS?
1. To decrease the work of breathing
2. To reduce the risk of ventilatory associated pneumonia (VAP)
3. To improve oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse
4. To reduce the risk of barotrauma
What is:
3. To improve oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic heart failure. The client is prescribed a loop diuretic (furosemide). Which of the following is the most important assessment for the nurse to make before administering this medication?
1. Lung sounds
2. Serum potassium levels
3. Blood pressure
4. Respiratory rate
What is:
2. Serum potassium levels
A nurse is caring for a client with a second-degree burn on their arm. Which of the following is the most important intervention for the nurse to implement immediately after the burn injury occurs?
1. Apply an antibiotic ointment to the burn
2. Immerse the burn area in cool water
3. Cover the burn with a sterile dressing
4. Administer pain medication
What is:
2. Immerse the burn area in cool water
A nurse is caring for a client with megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to assess in the client?
1. Pallor, fatigue, and a smooth, beefy red tongue
2. Jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain
3. Increased bleeding tendencies, bruising, and petechiae
4. Bone pain, frequent infections, and weight loss
What is:
1. Pallor, fatigue, and a smooth, beefy red tongue
A nurse is reviewing a client's lab results and notes the RBC count is significantly elevated. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following conditions?
1. Dehydration
2. Leukemia
3. Anemia
4. Thrombocytopenia
What is:
1. Dehydration
A nurse is teaching a client with COPD about the importance of using pursed-lip breathing. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the technique?
1. "I will breathe in through my mouth and exhale through my nose"
2. "I will take quick, shallow breaths when I feel short of breath"
3. "I will breathe in slowly through my nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips"
4. "I will hold my breath for as long as possible during exhalation"
What is:
3. "I will breathe in slowly through my nose and exhale slowly through pursed lips"
A nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease (CAD) who is scheduled for coronary angiography. The nurse should include which of the following interventions in the pre-procedure plan of care?
1. Administer a sedative to reduce anxiety
2. Assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish
3. Restrict all oral intake for 12 hours before the procedure
4. Encourage the client to perform deep breathing exercises
What is:
2. Assess for allergies to iodine or shellfish
**Coronary angiography uses iodine-based contrast dye
A nurse is caring for a client who sustained third-degree burns to both legs. The nurse understands that this type of burn injury will likely results in which of the following?
1. Pain in the affected area
2. Absence of pain in the burn area
3. Reddening of the skin
4. Blisters in the affected area
What is-
2. Absence of pain in the burn area
A nurse is educating a client with iron deficiency anemia about dietary sources of iron. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
1. Whole grains and legumes
2. Spinach and kale
3. Red meat and liver
4. Citrus fruits and tomatoes
What is:
3. Red meat and liver
A client with aplastic anemia has a hemoglobin level of 9g/dL, a WBC count of 3,500/mm, and a platelet count of 50,000/mm. Which of the following is the priority nursing action?
1. Administer a blood transfusion
2. Monitor for signs of infection
3. Initiate bleeding precautions
4. Increase fluid intake
What is:
3. Initiate bleeding precautions
A nurse is caring for a client with COPD who is receiving oxygen therapy. The nurse notes that the client's oxygen saturation is 88%. Which is the priority nursing action?
1. Increase the oxygen flow rate to 6L/min
2. Encourage the client to perform pursed-lip breathing
3. Administer a bronchodilator as prescribed
4. Monitor the clients respiratory rate and efforts.
What is:
2. Encourage the client to perform pursed-lip breathing
A nurse is educating a client with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) about the role of statin therapy in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
1. "Statins help reduce the amount of LDL cholesterol in my blood, which can reduce plaque buildup in my arteries"
2. "I should take statins only when I have chest pain"
3. "Statins will help increase my blood pressure to reduce the strain on my heart"
4. "Statins are only useful after I have a heart attack, not for prevention"
What is:
1. "Statins help reduce the amount of LDL cholesterol in my blood, which can reduce plaque buildup in my arteries"
A nurse is assessing a burn victim who has a burn covering 25% of their total body surface (TBSA) with blistering and erythema. What degree of burn should the nurse classify this injury as?
1. First degree
2. Second degree
3. Third degree
4. Fourth degree
What is-
2. Second degree
**Blistering is 2nd degree