Assessment of Musculoskeletal System
What are the two types of cells that are responsible for regulation of bone tissue?
What is osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Describe the pathophysiology of a herniated disk? Why does it occur?
What is a weakening of or tear in the outer fibrous ring of the intervertebral disk that allows soft portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge or herniate outside the disk?
What is Caucasian, small framed women with low body weights?
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. What type of joints does osteoarthritis generally affect?
What is weight bearing joints (knees, hips, feet, & lumbar spine)?
What is:
- Strain is an injury to the muscle or tendon.
- Sprain is an injury to the ligament.
A type of joint that is made of fibrous tissue or cartilage and is immovable.
What is a nonsynovial joint?
What are some drug classes that may be used for treatment in those who suffer from lower-back pain?
What is anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, NSAIDS, corticosteroids, opioids, or muscle relaxers?
What type of osteomyelitis results from a bone fracture?
What is nonhematogenous or exogenous?
What are some triggering factors for someone who has lupus?
What is: pregnancy, exposure to sunlight, illness, major surgery, or medications?
What is fiberglass?
Full range of motion against some resistance is considered what muscle strength grade?
What is grade 4?
You have a patient that had a herniated disk. What are the teaching/nursing implications for this patient?
What is:
- Give pain medications
- Administer corticosteroids
- Place in position of comfort (knees bent)
- Encourage ROM exercises
A patient with osteoporosis is prescribed the following medication - Alendronate which is a biphosphonate. What patient teaching would you provide?
What is:
Take the medication first thing in the morning.
Take medication on an empty stomach.
Stay in an upright position for thirty minutes after administration.
A patient has RA. What extraarticular manifestations may you see? (Hint: think about the hands.)
What is boutonniere deformity, ulnar deviation, and swan-neck deformity of the fingers?
Describe a closed, comminuted fracture.
What is a fracture that remains within the skin that is shattered into multiple bone fragments.
A patient undergoes a bone density test. Results are a T score of -1.7. This is indicative of what musculoskeletal disorder?
What is osteopenia?
What is the difference between ALS & MS?
What is MS which is a chronic neurological condition in which the nerves of the CNS degenerate due to demyelination while ALS is caused by the degeneration and death of upper and lower motor neurons?
What is a sinus tract between the bone and skin?
- Fever, weight loss, joint pain, excessive fatigue
- Butterfly rash or Polyarthralgia
Describe what is compartment syndrome and how does it occurs.
What is a complication that occurs when there is increased pressure under fascia resulting in compression of blood vessels, blood flow, and oxygen, leading to tissue hypoxia, eventually leading to permanent damage?
What are the 5 P's that you should assess for on a neurovascular assessment?
In order to be diagnosed with ALS, a person must show clinical manifestations of upper and lower motor neuron damage which include what?
What is spasticity and flaccidity?
A patient recently had a hip replacement. What patient teaching would you provide?
What is:
- Do not flex the hip more than 90 degrees for 2-3 months.
- Raise toilet seats/place pull bars in shower
- Avoid crossing leg over midline
Explain the difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
(Think # of joints, signs & symptoms, pathophysiology)
What is:
OA: progressive, non-inflammatory condition, unilateral joint involvement with the main symptom of pain, and early morning stiffness
RA: autoimmune disease, inflammatory, symmetrical joint involvement, pain increases with motion
You are the nurse caring for a patient who recently had an amputation. What are the implications for the bandage you will apply?
What is:
- Wrap limb in figure 8 wrapping from distal to proximal.
- Begin with minimal tension and then gradually increase.
- Begin wrapping 1-3 days post-operatively.
- Rewrap 2-3 times per day.