HIV Prevention
This must be started within 72 hours after a high-risk HIV exposure.
What is PEP?
This initial stage of HIV often presents with flu-like symptoms.
What is the acute retroviral stage?
According to WHO, anemia in men is defined as Hgb less than this value.
What is 14 g/dL (Hct <42%)?
This is the most common type of microcytic anemia worldwide, often due to chronic blood loss or poor intake.
What is iron deficiency anemia (IDA)?
These immature red blood cells are released from the bone marrow and measured to assess marrow activity.
What are reticulocytes?
This HIV prevention strategy is taken daily or as an injection before exposure.
What is PrEP?
In this stage, people may not have symptoms, but the virus is still active.
What is the asymptomatic stage?
True or False — You need low Hgb, Hct, and RBC count to diagnose anemia.
What is False? (Any one is enough).
In normocytic anemia, RBCs are normal in size but reduced in this.
What is number?
This test spreads a drop of blood on a slide and allows direct visualization of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
What is a peripheral smear?
The most common PEP regimen is Truvada plus one of these two drugs.
What are Isentress (raltegravir) or Tivicay (dolutegravir)?
This is the standard test for HIV diagnosis, detecting both antibodies and p24 antigen.
What is the 4th generation HIV test?
Normal MCV range is between these values
What is 80–100 fL?
Folate deficiency anemia is distinguished from B12 deficiency by the absence of these symptoms.
What are neurologic symptoms?
A low reticulocyte count with anemia suggests this type of problem.
What is bone marrow failure, aplastic anemia, or nutrient deficiency?
Name two lab tests that must be checked before starting PrEP
What are HIV antigen/antibody test and serum creatinine/eGFR?
This test differentiates between HIV-1 and HIV-2 after a reactive screen.
What is the HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay?
Low MCHC means RBCs will appear this way.
What is hypochromic (pale)?
Hemolytic anemia is defined by this process.
What is premature destruction of RBCs?
A high reticulocyte count with anemia usually indicates one of these two processes.
What are blood loss or hemolysis?
PEP is a regimen lasting this many days, usually including Truvada plus Isentress or Tivicay.
What is 28 days?
If results are indeterminate, this test detects HIV RNA directly.
What is a Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)?
This test evaluates immature RBCs to see if the bone marrow is responding.
What is reticulocyte count?
This common substance, besides vitamins, can cause macrocytic anemia through direct bone marrow toxicity.
What is alcohol?
Reticulocytosis should occur within 3–5 days of this treatment, peaking at 7–10 days.
What is vitamin B12 or folate therapy?