Aphasia
Name the two paraphasias.
BONUS: +100 give an example of each
Semantic paraphasia
Phonemic paraphasia
Of form, content, and use, what is affected by RH disorders?
Use
What is this a disorder of?
execution of the motor movements of speech
T/F: Dementia is a mild cognitive impairment.
False.
Define confabulation.
Person with a TBI makes up false memories in order to fill the gaps in their own memories.
What do all aphasias have?
Some degree of anomia
What is the difference between prosopagnosia and anosognosia?
Proso- inability to recognize faces
Anoso- inability to recognize personal deficits
What system is damaged in dysarthria?
The CNS and PNS (nervous system), both hemispheres
Would you qualify this person for dementia?
Sam's spouse is concerned he may have dementia. Sam has word-finding problems, lives independently, and does not get lost.
NO
What does the Glasgow Coma Scale measure?
BONUS: +100 Although this does not predict the outcome of the patient, what other information does it provide?
Eye-opening, Motor response, Verbal response
BONUS: tells the medical professionals what to expect
How do we define aphasia?
- it's acquired
- affects the 4 modalities to SOME degree (expressive and receptive)
- not attributable to sensory loss, motor loss, dementia, or confusion
- reduction in availability, efficiency, and retention span for linguistic structures
Name that level of attention.
There is music in the background, but you focus your attention on your homework assignment instead.
Selective attention
Name this dysarthria.
Damage to UMN, strangled voice quality, hypertonia, hyperflexia, weakness
spastic dysarthria
What is the most common form of dementia?
Alzeheimer's
In what type of brain damage does axonal shearing occur?
Rotational
Name the parameter of Broca's aphasia.
- Fluency: nonfluent
- Comprehension: more comprehension
- Repetition: poor
A picture of two homes are presented. One of the houses has a fire in its left window. The other house is the same with no fire.
If a client has left visual field neglect, how would they describe the two houses?
They look the same.
Hypokinetic and hyperkinetic dysarthrias occur from damage to the ______________. (what brain structure)
BONUS: Give a specific example of these types of dysarthria
basal ganglia
Parkinson's and Huntington's
What is sundowning?
The person with dementia is confused during the nighttime. They may walk around and do atypical things at this time (organizing books, etc.). Their sleep cycles are off.
Name this level of consciousness.
The patient is easily frightened, easily over-stimulated, does not understand the circumstance, may be aggressive, and is restless.
Confused and Agitated (level 4)
Name the aphasia: fluent, more comprehension, poor repetition
BONUS: +100 what structure is damaged?
conduction
BONUS: arcuate fasiculus
What figures of speech do persons with RHD struggle to interpret/understand?
- idioms
- sarcasm
- slang
- jokes
Name the dysarthria due to damage to the cerebellum.
Ataxic dysarthria
At what stage of cognitive decline is dementia typically diagnosed?
Mild decline (Stage 3)
1) A persistent vegetative state begins when and 2) what does the recovery look like for a patient that reaches this state?
After 4 weeks of being in a vegetative state
Slow recovery, usually will have some ongoing cognitive or physical impairment