UTI/ Pyelonephritis
This organism is the most common cause of uncomplicated UTIs.
E. coli
PMS symptoms occur during this phase of the menstrual cycle and resolve with menses.
Luteal phase
Low testosterone is most often seen in men with these common risk factors.
Aging, obesity, diabetes, stress, alcohol/tobacco use, or OSA
The first-line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia.
Doxycycline 100 mg BID × 7 days
AKI is defined by an abrupt decline in kidney function evidenced by an increase in this lab value.
Serum creatinine
This condition is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease.
Uncontrolled hypertension
Flank pain, fever, and CVA tenderness are classic for this upper UTI.
Pyelonephritis
This is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for dysmenorrhea.
NSAIDs
These three hallmark symptoms are most characteristic of testosterone deficiency.
Decreased libido, low energy, and loss of body hair
Painless chancre and positive RPR are characteristic of this STI.
Syphilis
These four lab values are required to calculate the Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FeNa).
Urine sodium, urine creatinine, serum sodium, and serum creatinine
CKD is defined as kidney damage or GFR below this level for at least 3 months.
<60 mL/min/1.73 m²
A urinalysis positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase indicates infection with what type of bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria (commonly E. coli)
In a woman ≥35 years old with abnormal uterine bleeding, this diagnostic step is required to rule out malignancy.
Endometrial biopsy
This class of medications (e.g., ketoconazole, glucocorticoids, opioids) can cause secondary hypogonadism
Medications that suppress testosterone synthesis
A patient with frothy, green, malodorous discharge and motile organisms on wet mount likely has this STI.
Trichomoniasis
This type of AKI is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys, such as dehydration or hemorrhage.
Prerenal AKI
This equation, introduced in 2021, uses creatinine and cystatin C to estimate kidney function and is less affected by muscle mass.
CKD-EPI 2021 Equation
This diagnostic finding—WBC casts in urine—is specific for this condition.
Pyelonephritis
The Rotterdam criteria diagnose PCOS when 2 of 3 findings are present. Name them.
Hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries
Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) should only be started when these two criteria are met.
Symptoms of low testosterone and confirmed low serum testosterone on morning labs
The HPV vaccine protects against these high-risk strains.
Types 16 and 18
The most common causes of prerenal AKI include these three mechanisms of fluid loss or decreased perfusion.
Volume depletion (dehydration), hemorrhage, vomiting/diarrhea (recent gastroenteritis)
CKD often remains asymptomatic until kidney function declines to what percent of normal?
10–15%
This first-line empiric antibiotic is preferred for uncomplicated cystitis in women and should be taken twice daily for 5 days.
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)
Irregular menses, hirsutism, acne, obesity, and insulin resistance are hallmark features of this endocrine disorder.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
This condition contraindicates testosterone therapy.
Prostate or breast cancer, palpable prostate nodules, or Hct >54%
Name one key counseling point when prescribing metronidazole for BV.
Avoid alcohol for 24–48 hours after use (disulfiram-like reaction)
These characteristic findings—FeNa <1%, BUN:Cr >20:1, and high urine osmolality—indicate this type of AKI.
Prerenal AKI
This active form of vitamin D should be started when GFR <40 mL/min to prevent hypocalcemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Calcitriol
Outpatient pyelonephritis can be treated with this antibiotic class for 5–7 days, unless resistance or contraindication exists.
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
PMS treatment can include this medication class when lifestyle modifications and NSAIDs are ineffective.
SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine)
Patients on TRT should have these labs monitored regularly to assess therapy safety.
Serum testosterone and hematocrit/hemoglobin
Recurrent BV is treated with metronidazole and this preventive measure.
Avoid douching and consider probiotic or suppressive gel use
Name three major indications for temporary hemodialysis in AKI.
Fluid overload unresponsive to diuretics, severe metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia
These medications bind phosphate in the gut to reduce serum phosphorus in CKD.
Calcium-based (PhosLo, Tums) and non-calcium binders (Renagel, Renvela)