Rewards
What is Una living the founders whole family?
This enzyme "unzips" the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds
DNA Helicase
Transcription, overall, is the process of turning ________ into ________
DNA into RNA
What do we call the group of proteins that help RNA Polymerase II during transcription?
Transcription Factors
Eukaryotic mRNAs have 3 modifications needed before they leave the nucleus, what are these 3 mods?
5' cap
Poly-A tail
Splicing
The DNA double helix is held together by what type of bonds between bases?
Hydrogen bonds
This enzyme adds a short RNA primer to act as the starting point for DNA polymerase
RNA primase
What are the two main differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA uses deoxyribose sugar and Thymine base
RNA uses ribose sugar and Uracil base, instead of Thymine
What is the short sequence of A-T's that the TF's bind to before the promoter?
TATA box
A very complex group of proteins and enzymes are responsible for cuts out introns, what is this complex called?
Spliceosome
What are the complementary base pairs? i.e. Adenine binds with _________, guanine binds with __________.
Adenine=Thymine and Cytosine=Guanine
This enzyme joins the 5' phosphate end of one fragment to the 3' hydroxyl of the next.
DNA Ligase
RNA polymerase
TFIID
TFIIB
TFIIF
TFIIE
TFIIH
Introns get cut/spliced out into a specific shape, what shape is this?
Lariat/Lasso
Initiator proteins begin replication at this specific area, which is rich in A=T bonds.
Replication origin
This enzyme replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides
Repair polymerase
What do you call this complementary RNA strand
RNA transcript
TFIIH helps RNA pol II release from the transcription initiation complex by adding a phosphate tail. What kind of enzymes can add phosphates to proteins?
Kinase
What is the spliceosome made out of?
Catalytic RNA's and other proteins= small nuclear ribonucleoproteins= snurps
What enzyme adds appropriate DNA nucleotides to the growing strand in the 3' to 5' direction?
DNA polymerase
This enzyme releases the tension of the twisted and wound up DNA behind the replication fork
DNA Topoisomerase
There are 3 types of RNA's, what are they, and which one goes out to the ribosome to synthesize a protein?
messenger-becomes protein
transfer
ribosomal
Eukaryotic genes have 2 different types of sequences. What are they called, and what is their purpose?
Introns- need to be cut/spliced out
Exons- the actual coding sequences/becomes a protein
What is a benefit of splicing out introns? What does "alternative splicing" lead to?
Different combinations of exons=different proteins=more diversity