INVERSION
Rarely _________ (I/see) such a beautiful sunset.
Rarely have I seen such a beautiful sunset.
The documents _______________ (sign) by the manager yesterday
The documents were signed by the manager yesterday.
It was my teacher who encouraged me to apply.
What grammar structure is it?
cleft sentence (emphasis on teacher)
If I had more time, I would learn Italian.
form: ______________
function: ______________
form: past + simple conditional "would"
function: hypothetical /imaginary situation in present or future
She insisted _____ paying for dinner.
She insisted on paying for dinner.
Never before __________________ (students/be) so engaged in a lecture.
Never before had the students been so engaged in a lecture.
These days a new bridge ___________ (construct) over the river.
These days a new bridge is being constructed over the river.
What impressed me most was his calm under pressure.
What grammar structire is it?
cleft sentence.
Emphasis on "his calm..."
Were I in your position, I would act differently.
funtion: __________
form: _______________
Function: Hypothetical condition (unreal present/future) → expressing advice or imagining being someone else.
Form: Inversion in conditional (past + would)
She simply refused to accept the offer.
Why is "simply" used here?
empahsis by use of intensifier
Hardly __________________ (she/finish) her meal when the phone rang.
Hardly had she finished her meal when the phone rang.
The results ________________ (believe/be) manipulated.
The results are believed to have been manipulated.
He was exhausted, completely exhausted after the marathon.
What grammar structure can you see?
Repetition
If it hadn’t been for her guidance, I would never have succeeded.
Function: Hypothetical past condition → expressing that success was only possible thanks to her guidance.
Form: If + past perfect + would have + past participle
The team came ______ ______ a creative solution to the crisis.
The team came up with a creative solution to the crisis.
Not only __________________ (the commitee/reject) his proposal, but they also banned him from reapplying.
Not only did the committee reject his proposal, but they also banned him from reapplying.
It _______________ (widely/acknowledge) that the law should have been enforced more strictly.
It is widely acknowledged that the law should have been enforced more strictly.
Only by confronting their deepest fears were the participants able to fully appreciate the transformative nature of the experiment.
What grammar structures can you see?
fronting + inversion
Should there be any further complications, the project may collapse entirely.
function: ______________
Form: ___________________
Function: Formal/academic conditional → expressing a possible future event politely or formally.
Form: Inversion in conditional 1 (variation for formal, academic use)
The politician was accused of turning a ________ eye to corruption.
The politician was accused of turning a blind eye to corruption.
Little__________________ (anyone / suspect) that the seemingly minor decision would trigger a chain of irreversible consequences.
Little did anyone suspect that the seemingly minor decision would trigger a chain of irreversible consequences.
The CEO ________________ (contract/review) by three different legal teams before signing.
The CEO had the contract reviewed by three different legal teams before signing.
So profound was the silence that it seemed to swallow every sound before it could even be made.
What structure can you see?
inversion for emphasis
If they had acted with the foresight they claim to possess, not a single life would have been lost.
function:___________
form;__________
Function: Hypothetical past condition → criticizing past actions
Form: If + past perfect + would have + past participle.
The committee eventually came _____ _____ with the fact that their initial approach had been fundamentally flawed,
The committee eventually came to terms with the fact that their initial approach had been fundamentally flawed.