Ch. 12 Personality
Ch. 12 Personality
Ch. 13 Social Psych
Ch. 13 Social Psych
Ch. 13 Social Psych
100

The human motive toward realizing our inner potential; including the pursuit of knowledge, the expression of one’s creativity, the quest for spiritual enlightenment, and the desire to give to society

Self-actualizing tendancy

100

Dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences, through the application of which differing persepctives and views of the social world arise 

Personal constructs

100

A chimp who wants a banana that is in the hands of another chimp may attack in order to get that banana, just as a person who wants money that is in the hands of another person may attack to get that money. This illustrates the:

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

100

The tendency for liking of a stimulus to increase with the frequency of exposure to that stimulus

The mere exposure effect

100

The process of drawing inferences about individuals based on their category membership

Stereotyping

200

Engagement in tasks that exactly match one’s abilities, creating a mental state of energized focus; between boredom and anxiety

Flow

200

A person’s assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behavior, through which people translate goals into behaviour

Outcome expectancies

200

Aggression that is planned and purposeful vs. aggression that occurs spontaneously in response to a negative affective state

Proactive vs. reactive aggression

200

The cost/benefit ratio that a person believes they could attain in another relationship

The comparison level for alternatives

200

When a reward decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a behavior

Overjustification effect

300

Existentialist term for the type of anxiety encountered from the difficulties we face in finding meaning in life and in accepting the responsibility of making free choices

Angst

300

People with this tend to be less anxious, achieve more, and cope better with stress than do people with this

Internal locus of control; external locus of control

300

The tendency to treat people better when they are members of one’s own group than when they are not

In-group favouritism

300

A state of affairs in which the cost/benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equally favorable

Equity

300

When we decide that a person’s behavior was caused by some temporary aspect of the situation in which it happened vs. when we decide that a person’s behavior was caused by a relatively enduring tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way

Situational attributions vs. dispositional attributions

400

A model of essential human needs arranged according to their priority, in which basic physiological and safety needs must be satisfied before a person can afford to focus on higher-level psychological need

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

400

The terms for both what we think about ourselves and how we feel about ourselves

Self-concept; self-esteem

400

The tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony

Groupthink

400

Inferences based on information about the categories to which a person belongs vs. inferences based on information about an individual’s behavior

Category-based; target-based

400

The motivation to experience pleasure and to avoid experiencing pain vs. the motivation to be accepted and to avoid being rejected

Hedonic motive; approval motive

500

The question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors.

Person-situation controversy

500

The tendency for people to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures

Self-serving bias

500

The phenomenon occuring when squirrels emit alarm calls when they see a predator, which puts them at increased risk of being eaten but which also allows their fellow squirrels to hide

Kin selection

500

The anxiety associated with the possibility of confirming other people’s stereotypes about one’s group

Stereotype threat

500

In the study in which some participants were paid $1 for lying and telling another person that a boring task was fun, while others were paid $20 for lying, the $1 group rating the task as more enjoyable than the $20 group related to the desire to alleviate this

Cognitive dissonance

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