Make Me Sweet
This is a condition that happens when too much insulin is given and a client is cool, clammy, confused, irritable, tachycardic, and hungry
What is hypoglycemia?
Hgb A1C greater than 6.5%, random blood glucose level greater than 200, or fasting glucose greater than 126
What is diabetes
This is treatment for type 2 diabetes
Oral antidiabetics (hypoglycemics) and insulin
This class of medications decreases the absorption of glucose in the small intestine, decreases hepatic production of glucose, and increases insulin receptor sensitivity. It should not be taken 24-48 hours before or after IV contrast.
Metformin
This type of insulin starts to work in 1-2 hours, peaks at 4-12 hours (watch for hypoglycemia), and its duration is 14-24 hours.
What is insulin isophane NPH
This is given when a patient is cool, clammy, confused, irritable, and awake
What is 15 grams of carbohydrates
Hgb A1C 5.7-6.4%, fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL, or oral glucose tolerance test of 140 -200mg/dL
Prediabetes
The action of this class of medications stimulates beta cells to release insulin and can cause hypoglycemia so it is taken with food
What are sulfonylureas
Glipizide, glyburide
This class of medications increases the use of glucose by the cells, decreases insulin resistance, improves blood glucose control, and does not cause hypoglycemia when used alone. It should not be given with heart failure.
What are thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone
This type of insulin is often used for sliding scale because it starts working 10-30 minutes after administration (should be given with meals) and peaks in less than 5 hours.
What is rapid acting
lispro or aspart
This medication is given when a client is unresponsive, cool, and clammy with a low blood glucose.
What is glucagon
Increased hunger, increased thirst, increased urination, and weight loss are classic symptoms of this disease
What is type 1 diabetes
This class of medications also lowers fasting blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells
What are meglitinides
repaglinide
Contraindicated with liver failure
This medication delays the absorption of carbohydrates from the small intestine and does not cause hypoglycemia when used alone. This medication should be taken at the beginning of each meal.
What is acarbose
This type of insulin can be given for sliding scale or as a set dose. It starts working in 1 hour, peaks at 2.5-5 hours (watch for hypoglycemia), and lasts 4-12 hours and is the only type that can be given IV.
What is regular or short acting insulin
This medication is given for a client with hyperinsulinism
What is Diazoxide
Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, family history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and poor diet all contribute to this
This class of medications increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon production, and is used as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
What are Incretin Modifiers or DPP4 Inhibitors
end in gliptin
This class of medications enhances insulin secretion, reduces glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying making clients feel fuller
What are Incretin Mimetics or GLP1s
ends in glutide
This type of insulin starts working in 1-2 hours, does not have a peak, and lasts 24 hours. It is typically given at night and not mixed with any other insulins.
What is insulin glargine
These medications raise blood glucose, and the client would need increased insulin doses.
What are steroids, thyroid medications, thiazide diuretics, and estrogen
This is treatment for type 1 diabetes
What is insulin
These are the qualifications to take oral antidiabetics to help treat type 2 diabetes
What are
Onset of diabetes older than 40 years old
Diagnosis of diabetes in the last 5 years
Fasting blood glucose less than 200mg/dL
Less than 40 units of insulin required per day
Normal liver and kidney function
This is how much insulin the beta cells of the pancreas secrete each day
What is 0.2-0.5 units/kg
This information should be covered when teaching a client about storage of insulin.
What are
Unopened vials should be refrigerated until opened
Opened vials are good for one month at room temperature and 3 months in the refrigerator
Insulin should not be kept in the freezer or put in direct sunlight
Prefilled syringes are good for 1-2 weeks