Rocks and Minerals
This type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava.
What is igneous rock?
This period is marked by the Ice Ages, the rise of humans, and the extinction of many large mammals, like mammoths.
What is the Quaternary Period?
This type of soil is sticky when wet and made up of very fine particles.
What is clay?
Limestone is formed primarily in these types of environments, where marine organisms like corals and shells accumulate.
What is ocean floor?
This is the outermost layer of the Earth.
What is the crust?
This type of rock is formed by heat and pressure altering existing rocks.
What is metamorphic rock?
This period, also known as the "Age of Mammals," saw the rise of mammals and flowering plants after the dinosaurs went extinct.
What is the Tertiary Period?
This layer of soil, rich in organic material, is essential for plant growth.
What is topsoil?
This process occurs when water containing dissolved calcium carbonate evaporates, leaving behind deposits like stalactites and stalagmites in caves.
What is precipitation?
This layer of the Earth is made of liquid iron and nickel.
What is the outer core?
This sedimentary rock is primarily made up of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and often forms in shallow marine environments.
What is limestone?
This period is famous for the dominance of dinosaurs and the appearance of the first birds, like Archaeopteryx.
What is the Jurassic Period?
This type of soil is made up of roughly equal parts sand, silt, and clay, and is ideal for agriculture.
What is loam?
Limestone is essential in the production of this material, which is used in construction and building.
What is cement?
This is the thickest layer of the Earth, located between the crust and the core
What is the mantle?
This process involves the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice.
What is weathering?
The first mammals and dinosaurs appeared during this period, which began about 250 million years ago.
What is the Triassic Period?
This dark, nutrient-rich organic matter found in soil is formed from decomposed plant and animal material.
What is humus
When limestone undergoes heat and pressure, it transforms into this metamorphic rock.
What is marble?
This scientific discipline studies the layers of rocks (strata) to understand Earth's history.
What is stratigraphy?
The main mineral found in limestone, responsible for its calcium carbonate composition.
What is calcite?
This period is often called the "Age of Fishes" because of the diversity of marine life, including jawed fishes.
What is the Devonian Period?
This period is often called the "Age of Fishes" because of the diversity of marine life, including jawed fishes.
What is the Devonian Period?
The weathering of limestone by acidic rainwater creates this phenomenon.
What is chemical weathering
This principle states that layers of sediment are originally deposited in a horizontal position.
What is original horizontality?