Aerobic
What are the three phases of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain (ETC)
Where is energy stored in an ATP molecule?
Energy is stored between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates. Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP while losing a phosphate. Energy is stored when a 3rd phosphate is added to ADP.
Why is it so important to regenerate NAD+ during fermentation?
So that glycolysis can continue to happen and generate some ATP.
What are the reactants and products in photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has three phosphates, while ADP has only two phosphates. ATP is a full biological battery. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.
Where does each phase take place?
Glycolysis - cytoplasm
Krebs cycle - matrix
ETC - inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the point of pumping hydrogens against their concentration gradient along the electron transport chain?
The hydrogens will then be highly concentrated in the intermembrane space and will diffuse through ATP synthase. This allows ATP synthase to turn and bond phosphate to ADP, creating ATP.
32 ATP are created during this step.
How does the amount of ATP created during fermentation compare to the amount of ATP created during aerobic cellular respiration?
Only 2 ATP are created from one glucose molecule in anaerobic respiration (fermentation).
During aerobic cellular respiration, 36 ATP are created from one glucose molecule.
Difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs make their own food
heterotrophs need outside sources for food
Where do the light dependent
reactions occur?
thylakoid
How many times does the Krebs cycle turn per molecule of glucose?
The krebs cycle turns 2 times per original glucose molecule. This is because one glucose molecule is turned into two pyruvate molecules. Pyruvate is what enters the krebs cycle.
aerobic respiration occurs in the...
mitochondria
Under what circumstances would anaerobic respiration need to occur?
Aerobic respiration would occur when an organism does not use oxygen to create ATP, such as yeast. It can also occur if an organism doesn’t have enough oxygen to rely fully on aerobic respiration, like when a person sprints.
The Structure of a chloroplast.
thylakoid- disc-like structure
granum- stack of thylakoids (plural, grana)
chlorophyll -green colored pigment that absorbs light
stroma - fluid filled space around thylakoids
thylakoid space - space inside thylakoid disc
What is the electron
carrier that brings
electrons to the calvin
cycle?
NADPH
For one turn of the Krebs Cycle, how many of the following are made?
NADH 4
ATP 1
FADH2 1
CO2 3
Without oxygen, electrons would be
tired and back up the ETC, it would stop
what does anaerobic respiration create (lactic acid)
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP (net yield of 2),
The Calvin Cycle.
Carbon dioxide adds carbon
ATP invested
NADPH drops off charged electrons
G3P leaves and will turn into glucose
The fluid inside the chloroplast, absorbs the green light
chlorophyll
What molecule acts as the “final electron acceptor” in the electron transport chain? What would happen if that molecule was not present?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the ETC. If oxygen is not present then the ETC can back up and the process would stop.
What is the point of pumping hydrogens against their concentration gradient along the electron transport chain?
The hydrogens will then be highly concentrated in the intermembrane space and will diffuse through ATP synthase. This allows ATP synthase to turn and bond phosphate to ADP, creating ATP.
32 ATP are created during this step.
there is no...
Kerb's cycle or ETC
Plants absorb all light except for
green light
Organelle responsible for photosynthesis
chloroplast