Forces of Flight
What are the 3 types of parasite drag?
Interference, skin-friction, form.
What is the relationship between angle of attack and lift?
Lift increases with AOA up to the critical angle
What are the names of the 3 axis of rotation?
Longitudinal, lateral, vertical.
What causes a stall?
Exceeding the critical angle of attack.
What is relative wind?
The direction of airflow relative to the wing or airfoil.
What two forces must be in balance for an airplane to maintain constant altitude and speed in level flight?
Lift and weight; thrust and drag
What does the chord line connect?
Trailing edge to leading edge.
What axis or rotation is associated with pitch?
Lateral axis.
What happens to the airflow over the wings when the aircraft stalls?
The airflow separates from the wing causes turbulence.
What is camber in relation to a wing?
The curvature of the wing’s upper and lower surfaces.
What happens to weight when load factor is increased to 2G's?
Weight doubles.
What is the critical angle of attack and what happens when you exceed it?
It’s the AOA at which lift is maximized; exceeding it causes a stall.
What type of stability is about the lateral axis?
Longitudinal stability.
What is a spin?
An uncoordinated stall.
How do you avoid wake turbulence if you are landing after a large aircraft?
Stay above their flight path and land after they did.
When is induced drag formed?
Any time lift is being generated.
What is bernoulli's principle?
An increase in speed causes a decrease in pressure; a decrease in speed causes an increase in pressure.
What is dihedral effect and what type of stability is it related to?
What is the proper order for spin recovery?
Power idle, ailerons neutral, rudder opposite, elevator forward (PARE).
When is ground effect felt?
Within one wingspan of the ground.
What happens to induced drag while in ground effect?
Induced drag decreases.
In level flight, how does an increase in weight affect the required AOA to maintain altitude?
A heavier aircraft must fly at a higher AOA to generate more lift.
What is the difference between positive and negative static stability?
Positive returns to original position; negative moves further away
How do you get into an uncoordinated stall?
Using opposite rudder and aileron.
What does "wake turbulence" refer to, and when is it most hazardous
Turbulent air left behind by an aircraft, strongest behind heavy, clean, and slow aircraft during takeoff and landing