define
sankofa
(what is) go back
“compensatory or preferential treatment”
(what is) affirmative action?
measures in areas of employment and education aimed at giving priority to historically marginalized and disadvantaged groups
“Wherever the slave-sugar complex went, a network of international trade flows followed: flows of labor, capital, manufactures, sugar, raw materials, shipping, banking, and insurance.” (731)
who said this?
(who is) Barbara L. Solow in Capitalism and Slavery in the Exceedingly Long Run
the term to describe the systemic and historical ways centuries of inequality have compounded economically?
(what is) the racial wealth gap?
black campus movement
1965-1970
part of the black power movement
students on college campus advocated for academic departments, programs, classes, curriculum that centers the lives, lived experiences, histories, worldviews, epistemologies, cosmologies, and frameworks of African American/Black people.
How have centuries of inequality compounded?
from the Racial Wealth Gap
(what is)
housing (home ownership/equity)
land (property)
law and policy (ex. Jim Crow, redlining, racial covenants)
a short lived but unique American time period that occurred after the end of the Civil War and the integration of African Americans as citizens. What followed was a period political activism and electoralism wherein African Americans were eager to participate but weary that the end of slavery would only be temporary.
(what is) reconstruction
Terror in the Heart of Freedom by Hannah Rosen
why would African Americans require restitution of any kind?
centuries long transatlantic slave trade, generations of slavery, mass genocide, Jim Crow- federally “legally” enforced historical race-based exclusion, and racial discrimination
(across all facets of society including home ownership, job sectors, legal protections)
Colonial doctrine in latin
(what is) partus sequitur ventrem "offspring follows belly"
what was the Black Power movement?
(Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975)
militant black socialist organization of the late 60s and 70s stemming from the civil rights/student movements.
black is beautiful, self-defense
Black Panther Party, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, Stokley Carmichael
this is the argument of The Plot of Her Undoing by Saidiya Hartman describe the method she uses to develop it
(what is)
Hartman discusses the use of violence that 'undoes' the black woman. She explores the limits of the archive for its erasure, silence, and misrepresentation of enslaved/free black people. Hartman frames violence as a multi-layered dynamic that operates on various at times overlapping registers. Forms of violence unfold on structural, systemic, historical, social (racial-gendered-sexual), political-economic, linguistic, archival, and/or psychical levels.
(what is) critical fabulation
What are three distinct forms of violence articulated by Saidiya Hartman?
reference the text directly to provide specific examples.
social, emotional, linguistic, archival, sexual, racialized, gendered, economic
reparations
acknowledgments of harm through financial payments or forms of economic-social-political compensation
Why was the black journalist Nikole Hannah Jones confused/embarrassed that her dad chose to so proudly display the American Flag in their front yard?
1619 project
American flag as representative of settler-colonialism, white-supremacy, imperialism, and racism. A country that has dispossessed and disenfranchised black and brown people (economically, socially, politically). Later Nikole Hannah Jones understood what her dad knew---that the labor, lives, and bodies of black people have built the foundation of the US.
that which differentiated between 'free' and 'slave'
property law (the "legal" code of the slave)
Chattel Slavery makes a clear distinction between chattel (African captives) and human beings (slave owners, property owners)
this abolished slavery with the caveat that it would be allowed as punishment for a crime
(what is) the 13th amendment
social death
Social death’ refers to the ways in which slaves had “no socially recognized existence outside of his master, he became a social nonperson” (p.5).
elements of social death
total powerlessness: brute force, dominating violence (slaves were branded, brutalized)
natal alienation: alienation from birth of kinship and culture (transatlantic slave trade, middle passage, radicalized dynamics of slavery: no legally or recognized kinship or culture for enslaved)
dishonor: the enslaved were dishonored, a priori
free breakfast, sickle cell anemia testing, free health clinics
(what are) Black Panther Party's "Survival Programs": providing resources to basic needs and preventative health including food, housing assistance, education, and the navigation of social welfare services.
"All power to The People"
“averred that the enslaved, in general, and captive women, in particular, were not appropriate subjects of common law, and thus not protected against rape. The rape of enslaved women was not an offense in either common law or slave statute” (537)
(who is) Celia or (what is) State of Missouri v. Celia
an enslaved woman Celia kills her owner who has routinely raped her. There was no recourse. This chapter from Hartman discusses the paradox of ‘consent’ and the proliferation of rape as defining features of chattel slavery in the US.
Seduction and the Ruses of Power by Sadiyah Hartman
In The Plot of her Undoing, Saidiya Hartman discusses this form of violence in the following line:
"It begins with an entry in the ledge that itemizes her as number 71, a meager girl, and forever erases her name
(what is) archival violence?
radicalized, gendered, existential, social