Assumptions & Attitudes
Accomodationist philosophy of education that prioritizes vocational teaching
What is The Tuskegee Way?
The principle that protected white supremacy's constitutional backing in Southern States
States' Rights
The amendment that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude “except as a punishment for crime,” allowing states to legally enslave prisoners for the convict leasing system.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment
Strict laws that codified the extreme deprivations of liberty that already existed in the social practice of chattel slavery
What are slave codes?
Charter outlining the mandates for how White southerners thought about race
Poll taxes, secret ballots, and literacy tests
What are disenfranchisement tactics?
This act made racial discrimination in places of commerce in the United States, such as stores, restaurants, theaters, and trains, a violation of federal law.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
The term that refers to when plantation owners would voluntarily free their slaves.
What is manumission?
Associated with legal status, property, identity, and citizenship. A source of privilege, protection, and recognition by the State.
What is whiteness?
Racial segregation being a fact of life vs being lawful in the South
What is de facto vs de jure segregation?
5 bundled cases that sought to challenge the constitutionality of racial segregation and seek repair for inadequacies: poor school conditions, inability to ride school buses, unequal funding. Supreme Court overturned the separate but equal doctrine.
What is Brown v Board of Education?
Term that refers to a dominant prevailing force in a society that exerts control and influence often to the disadvantage of minorities
What is Hegemony?
Race Riot in ____ where two gubernatorial candidates stoked racial hatred against African-Americans in their newspapers
What is the Atlanta Georgia Race Riot of 1906?
The passing of the “___ Law” in 1876 increased the prison population from three hundred to more than a thousand within two years. Most of the prisoners were Black, reinforcing beliefs about Black criminality.
What is the Pig Law?
Landmark ruling where the Supreme Court sided with a monopoly, rejecting the argument that the 14th amendment included the right to a job. This case had a major impact on to what extent the federal government can protect the rights of U.S citizens.
What is the Slaughterhouse Cases?
Rather than being on the basis of religion or being a prisoner of war/conflict, ___ became permanent, inherited, biologically determined, and upheld the idea of a racial other.
What is racial slavery?
Most Southern whites insisted Black people were born with criminal and violent natures that were incurable. Politicians and academics argued that not even schooling could lessen Black people’s criminal tendencies.
What is the association of Blackness with criminality?
The author of the majority opinion for this case said:
"If people felt 'inferior' because a law separated them from others because of their skin color, the law could not be blamed. Any sense of inferiority came about only 'because the colored race chooses to put that construction upon it.'”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
The bundled cases that led to a Supreme Court Ruling where majority opinion rejected arguments that the prohibition of access to public spaces could be counted as "badges of slavery." Instead, the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional and it is up to the State to define and interpret constitutional rights *first*
What is the 1883 Civil Rights Cases?
Key decision that defended the Right of Conquest. Acquiring land through conquest represents "absolute title of the sovereign" as Native titles were insubordinate.
Johnson & Graham's Lessee v M'Intosh
In 1897, African Americans in Augusta, GA filed a lawsuit against their county school board after it voted to close the only Black high school in the state. Their lawyers argued that the ___ clause of the ____ amendment was being violated.
What is the 14th amendment, equal protection clause?