Geography
This climate feature made trade in the Indian Ocean possible.
What are monsoons?
These two good were important natural resources for the Trans-Saharan trade routes.
What are gold and salt?
Name TWO modern countries that encompass part of the Swahili coast.
Kenya & Tanzania
Term used to describe the journey of enslaved peoples across the Atlantic.
What is the Middle Passage?
Two reasons why salt was a valuabe resource.
Served as a preservative for food & disinfectant.
The further away from the Equator you move in Africa, generally the ___________ the climate becomes.
Drier
Which of the 5 pillars of Islam was on display during Mansa Musa's hajj?
Giving alms
Swahili language stems mostly from which 2 other languages?
Bantu & Arabic
This explorer was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.
Who is Vaso de Gama?
What is animism?
Belief that there are spirits in inanimate things/nature.
River which ran through the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.
What is the Niger river?
Like Baghdad, this city became a center of learning in West Africa.
What is Timbuktu?
What goods did the Swahili coast export?
What goods did the Swahili coast import?
Export = gold, ivory, iron
Import = porcelain, silk, cotton
What motivated European exploration around Africa?
Desire for maritime access to Asian trade, particularly for spices.
This kingdom had a centralized bureaucracy with 5 provinces, each with a governor.
What is Songhai?
Two reasons why camels were essential for Trans-Saharan travel.
- Camels can store fat/water in their humps and go for long periods of time without water.
- Camels have double layers of eyelashes to protect their eyes from sand.
Provide TWO similarities between the Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.
- Leaders followed Islam
- Centralized governments
- Grew in wealth because of Trans-Saharan trade
Provide TWO examples of cultural diffusion on the Swahili coast.
- Spread of Islam to Swahili coast, Islam influences ethics/legal systems
- Words related to commerce enter Swahili language from India, Persia, and Arabia
Provide TWO ways in which enslaved peoples in the New World resisted.
- liberation hymns
How did the Transatlantic slave trade impact West Africa?
- Led to increased warfare as a result of attempts to capture people to sell as enslaved.
- Led to decrease in population.
Where did the Bantu people originate AND where did they migrate to?
Originated in Western Africa and migrated South and East in Africa
Why did the price of gold become inflated during the rule of Mali in West Africa?
Mansa Musa gave away so much gold while on his hajj to Mecca that it led to inflation because of the influx of supply.
Why did Great Zimbabwe decline?
- Overuse of soil
- Internal conflicts
How did slavery in the New World compare to slavery in West African kingdoms?
New World = chattel slavery, slaves seen as property, labor intensive work
Africa = slavery influenced by writings in Quran, slaves used to spread religion of Islam, enslaved peoples considered part of family
What are griots?
Oral historians of West African communities.