European Partitioning
Europeans created African county from old colonial boundaries. These boundaries are know as
_______________ ______________ __________
Artificial Political Boundaries
The majority of African countries gain independence during this time.
The decade of the 1960s
South Africa's form of racial segregation (separated people by race)
apartheid
Which European country colonized South Africa
Dutch/Netherlands and Great Britain
Main goal of the Pan African movement
Getting all people of African descent to work together and think of themselves as one people, so they can gain independence from foreign rule.
Two reasons why Europeans were interest in Africa after slave trade ended?
natural resources, new markets, to protect seaports/trade routes, build empires(imperialism), spread Christianity.
These two countries gained their independence through mostly peaceful means
Nigeria and South Africa
The international community responded by doing this to South Africa during Apartheid.
placing trade embargoes/sanctions against South Africa
How was Kenya's path to independence different from Nigeria and South Africa
Kenya had a violent rebellion
the invasion, occupation, division, colonization and annexation of African territory by European powers, did not consider African people
Scramble for Africa
Three reasons Europeans were able to colonize Africa
Superior weapons and technology (guns, ships)
Misled African leaders
Use Christianity to control African people
Encouraged ethnic rivalries
When Nigeria first got its independence the government was _____________
Later, Nigeria was involved in a civil war between which groups
Stable
Muslims in the North and Christians in the South
These two men helped bring an end to apartheid in South Africa.
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk
Leader of Kenya's independence movement and his political organization
Jomo Kenyetta
Kenyan African National Union (KANU)
the French wanted Africans to adopt French culture and to deny their own culture
This is known as...
assimilation
Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany organized the Berlin Conference (Nov 1884-Feb 1885) for what purpose. Give three
To prevent war with each other (Europeans)
To take Africa's natural resources
To partition Africa into artificial political boundaries
to "civilize" Africans
What were three positive effects of European colonization on Africa?
constructed roads, schools, and hospitals
This organization was formed in South Africa to fight apartheid. Who was one of its leaders
African National Congress
Nelson Mandela
Which two countries in Africa were not colonized by the Europeans
Liberia and Ethiopia
Read examples below and tell which rule.
The British used local chiefs to control their colonies in Africa
The French ruled their colonies in Africa
indirect rule
direct rule
What was the lasting effect of the Berlin Conference and the European partitioning of Africa
The creation of artificial political boundaries created new African countries which led to conflict between groups. This has made it difficult to unite countries in Africa.
What led to independence across Africa
after WWII Africans saw that others were fighting for their rights and independence.
Nationalism - desire to control their governments
the Pan African Movement - to unite Africans
Africans fed up with racism and unfair treatment
F.W. de Klerk was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Give two reasons why.
He freed Mandela from prison
He lifted the ban on the African National Congress
He helped bring an end to apartheid
What was the main struggle for each country BELOW after they gained independence:
Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa
Kenya only one political party so the people did not have much say in the government
Nigeria - a bloody civil war that lasted until the 1990's creating instability
South Africa - apartheid which gave all the power to white South Africans
Select the correct word for each definition:
full or partial control of a country, occupying it with settlers for exploitation
strong countries seek to dominate other countries (empire building)
loyalty, pride in your country, leads to independence
Colonization - full or partial control of a country, occupying it with settlers for exploitation
imperialism - strong countries seek to dominate other countries (empire building)
nationalism - loyalty, pride in your country, leads to independence