European Partitioning
Europeans created African countries from old colonial claims. These boundaries are know as
_______________ ______________ __________
Artificial Political Boundaries
The primary goal of the Pan-African Movement in the twentieth century?
To end European colonial rule in Africa
fought for equality in South Africa using non-violent protest, spent 27 years in prison, became first black president of South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Which European country colonized South Africa, Nigeria, and Kenya?
Great Britain
Unity and pride among African people everywhere, so they can gain independence from foreign rule.
Pan African Movement
Three reasons why Europeans were interested in Africa after slave trade ended?
natural resources, protect seaports/trade routes, greed (imperialism)
How was South Africa and Nigeria's path to independence different from Kenya's
South Africa and Nigeria's path was mostly peaceful while Kenya's was violent
The international community responded by doing this to South Africa during Apartheid.
placing trade embargoes/sanctions against South Africa
How were African treated during colonization (3)
land taken
treated cruelly
forced to adopt European culture
the invasion, occupation, division, colonization and exploitation of African territory by European powers, did not consider African people
Scramble for Africa
Three reasons Europeans were able to colonize Africa
Superior weapons and technology (guns, ships)
Misled African leaders
Encouraged ethnic rivalries
When Nigeria first got its independence the government was _____________
Later, Nigeria was involved in a civil war between which groups
Stable
Muslims in the North and Christians in the South
These two men helped bring an end to apartheid in South Africa.
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk
Leader of Kenya's independence movement and his powerful political organization, led to corruption in the government
Jomo Kenyetta
Kenyan African National Union (KANU)
South African racist policy of segregation/ discrimination, i.e. homelands, ID passes
apartheid
Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany organized the Berlin Conference (Nov 1884-Feb 1885) for what purposes. Give three
prevent European war over Africa
to profit from Africa's natural resources
partitioned Africa to benefit Europeans (Africans were not invited)
Europeans made improvements in Africa to benefit their exploitation. Which of these improvements also benefited Africa after independence. (3)
constructed roads/railroads, schools, and hospitals
This organization was formed in South Africa to fight apartheid. Who was one of its leaders
African National Congress
Nelson Mandela
Which two countries in Africa were never colonized by Europeans
Liberia and Ethiopia
Which government rule is shown in the example below
British used local chiefs to control their colonies in Africa
French ruled their colonies in Africa
British - indirect rule
French - direct rule
Lasting effect of the Berlin Conference and the partitioning of Africa (impact to Africa today)
created artificial political boundaries
combined rival groups and disrupted tribal unities
lead to many deaths, conflicts, African unity difficult
What led to independence across Africa (4)
after WWII Europeans unable to hold on to colonies
Nationalism
the Pan African Movement
Africans weary of unjust treatment
F.W. de Klerk was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Give three reasons why. (Mandela awarded the Prize too)
freed Mandela from prison
lifted the ban on the African National Congress
helped end apartheid/ and rewrote the Constitution
What was the main struggle for each country BELOW after they gained independence:
Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa
Kenya -KNAU held most power, people had little say in government
Nigeria - a bloody civil war, lasted until the 1990's creating instability
South Africa - apartheid- minority white Afrikaans ruled until the 1990s
Select the correct word for each definition:
full or partial control of a country, occupying it with settlers for exploitation
strong countries seek to dominate other countries (empire building)
loyalty, pride in your country, leads to independence
Colonization -
imperialism -
nationalism -