Worldviews
Explain the Guilt/Innocence worldview
Right or wrong determined by rules & laws, individualistic & personal responsibility, mainly a Western perspective
Which missionary went on expeditions and mapped Africa?
David Livingstone
What was David Livingstone's missions strategy?
Map Africa to improve economy & reduce slave trade
What can not be changed to meet cultural needs?
The core of the Gospel
Which two groups were the biggest opposition faced by missionaries in the Caribbean?
Government and plantation owners
Explain the Honor/Shame worldview
Shame is brought not just to the individual but their community, both when they do something shameful and when something shameful is done to them, collectivist perspective, societal expectations rule
Which missionary translated the Bible into Setswana?
Robert Moffat
What were David Litschmann and Leonard Dober willing to do to reach enslaved Africans?
Sell themselves into slavery
What was an unintended consequence of Livingstone's expeditions?
Maps were used by slave traders
What did some people expect of Africans who became Christians?
They would adapt to European way of life and culture, become more "civilized"
Explain the Fear/Power worldview
Life is centered around protection from evil spiritual forces, people live in fear of curses and dark spirits, rituals/sacrifices and particular objects bring protection from spiritual realm as well as mediators
Who were the Moravians?
Danish missionaries who served to reach enslaved Africans in the Caribbean
What potential risk could missionaries take in attempting to contextualize too much?
Blurring the line into syncretism
What were common struggles of missionaries in Africa?
Illness, disease, poor living conditions
Who did the majority of missionaries focus their ministry on in the Caribbean prior to the Moravians?
European settlers/colonists
What is syncretism?
Merging beliefs from different religions
Which missionary was known as "White Ma", saved African twins, and was given a governmental position?
Mary Slessor
What was unique about the Africa Inland Mission (AIM)?
Focus on training local leaders and building indigenous churches
How did colonization impact missionaries' relationships with enslaved Africans?
Lack of trust, lack of opportunity for local leadership, not viewed as equal
Name two characteristics of African churches that made them different from colonial churches
African leadership, African-style worship, Theology of the Holy Spirit, Addressing social needs
What are some common beliefs or characteristics of tribal religions in Africa?
ancestor worship, mediators for spirit world, animism (spirits in nature), ritual objects & sacrifices
Which missionary started the first Egyptian Christian Orphanage?
Lillian Trasher
What did the Moravian church focus on in their mission strategy internationally?
Reaching groups of people the church had ignored, not waiting for the marginalized to come to them
What struggles did Lillian Trasher face in her ministry and how did she handle them?
Lack of funding/resources- prayed and the Lord provided
What role did Christians play in emancipation? (Name at least one example)
Samuel Sharpe: Baptist Rebellion
William Knibb: Public outcry in England
Burchell & Phillippo: Founded "Free Villages" & laid foundation for a free black church movement