Key Figures
This influential civil rights leader was instrumental in organizing the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963.
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
What term refers to the social and political movement in the United States aimed at ending racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans, particularly in the Southern states, during the mid-20th century?
What is the Civil Rights Movement?
What term refers to the systematic racial segregation laws enacted in the Southern United States after Reconstruction?
What are Jim Crow Laws?
What influential African American newspaper, founded by Robert S. Abbott in 1905, provided extensive coverage of civil rights issues during the 1940s and 1950s, advocating for equality and challenging racial discrimination?
What is the Chicago Defender?
This African American woman, often referred to as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement," famously refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955.
Who is Rosa Parks?
Known as the "Mother of the Civil Rights Movement," this activist refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955.
Who is Rosa Parks?
In what landmark 1954 Supreme Court case was racial segregation in public schools declared unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson?
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
In the Jim Crow South, what term was used to designate public facilities, such as water fountains, bathrooms, and seating areas, designated for use by African Americans?
What are "colored" or "separate but equal" facilities?
Which groundbreaking African American magazine, founded by John H. Johnson in 1945, played a significant role in disseminating news about the Civil Rights Movement and promoting the achievements of African Americans throughout the 1940s and 1950s?
What is Ebony magazine?
This educator and civil rights activist was a key advisor to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and played a pivotal role in organizing the Freedom Summer of 1964.
Who is Ella Baker?
This lawyer successfully argued the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme Court, leading to the desegregation of public schools.
Who is Thurgood Marshall?
In 1948, this Supreme Court case ruled that restrictive covenants, which prevented the sale of property to African Americans, were unenforceable.
What is Shelley v. Kraemer?
What civil rights organization, founded in 1942, played a key role in challenging racial segregation in interstate transportation, leading to the landmark Supreme Court case Morgan v. Virginia in 1946?
What is the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)?
What pioneering radio program, hosted by African American journalist Robert L. Vann and later Carl T. Rowan, provided a platform for discussions on civil rights issues, including segregation and discrimination, during the 1940s and 1950s?
What is "Negro Newsfront"?
This African American journalist and activist, known for her investigative reporting on lynching and racial violence, co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and published the newspaper The Crisis.
Who is Ida B. Wells-Barnett?
This fiery orator and advocate for black nationalism urged African Americans to defend themselves against white aggression by any means necessary.
Who is Malcolm X?
This African American lawyer, later appointed as the first African American justice of the Supreme Court, successfully argued against racial segregation in higher education in the 1950 Supreme Court case Sweatt v. Painter.
Who is Thurgood Marshall?
In what landmark 1954 Supreme Court case was segregation in public schools declared unconstitutional, overturning the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson?
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Who was the African American photojournalist known for his powerful images documenting racial segregation and civil rights activism during the 1940s and 1950s, including his coverage of the Brown v. Board of Education case and the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Who is Gordon Parks?
This African American singer, actress, and civil rights activist is best known for her rendition of the song "Strange Fruit," which protested the lynching of African Americans.
Who is Billie Holiday?
This educator and author, known for her work as an advisor to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), played a crucial role in organizing the Freedom Summer of 1964.
Who is Ella Baker?
In 1947, this African American baseball player broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball when he signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming a symbol of integration and civil rights progress.
Who is Jackie Robinson?
What term describes the organized protest movement against racial segregation on public buses, sparked by Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955?
What is the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Which African American journalist and editor, known for her investigative reporting on racial violence and discrimination, served as the editor of the NAACP magazine The Crisis during the 1940s and 1950s, advocating for civil rights and social justice?
Who is Daisy Bates?
This African American educator and civil rights activist was the president of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and helped organize the historic March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963.
Who is Dorothy Height?