1.1
The largest political unit of African societies
A village or a confederation of villages.
Define conquistador
Spanish or Portuguese soldiers and explorers who conquered territories in the Americas by force for their crowns, seeking wealth
What country first interacted with the Taino people
Spain
Who was Olaudah Equiano
An African writer and abolitionist who was enslaved as a child, purchased his freedom, and wrote a famous autobiography
Who was Elizabeth Key, and what did her legal battle achieve?
an enslaved mixed-race woman in Virginia who successfully sued for her freedom in 1656
The 3 forms of slavery in Africa
Debt bondage
Indentured labor
Enslavement of war criminals/captives
How did the Taino people die?
90% of their population was wiped out because of the new European diseases
Provide a reason why Africans were used for slavery
System, immunity, agricultural expertise, racism
How did enslaved people resist their captors?
jumping overboard during the Middle Passage, revolting, slowing down work, preserving cultural identity, and escaping
What were slave codes?
A set of colonial and state laws that defined the legal status of enslaved Black people and restricted their movement, freedoms, and rights.
Define DB
A system where an individual pledges their labor to pay off a financial obligation or debt.
Who was involved in the death of the Taino people
Columbus, the Spanish king and queen, the foot soldiers
Define Labor Vacuum
European colonial empires lost their primary native workforce for plantations and mines, creating an acute labor shortage.
Why did the indentured servant system fail?
Land availability decreased, former servants demanded land and rights
What is Partus Sequitur Ventrem?
A 1662 Virginia law dictating that a child's legal status (enslaved or free) followed that of the mother
Define IS
A contract-based, temporary labor system often exchanged for travel/passage to new lands.
Defend your opinion on who was responsible for the death of the Taino
Define the Great Dying
Millions of indigenous Americans died due to European violence and lack of immunity to Old World diseases.
Why was Anthony Johnson special?
He was a Black man in early 17th-century Virginia who gained his freedom, owned property and land
Who was William Penn?
The Quaker founder of the province of Pennsylvania.
What is Chattel Slavery
Intergenerational family-based slavery
Define encomienda system
A Spanish colonial labor system granting conquistadors authority over indigenous populations to demand labor and tribute for agriculture and mining
Define Mercantilism
An economic policy asserting that a nation's power depends on its wealth in gold and silver.
What was the John Punch case
enslaved African indentured servant who ran away alongside two white servants in 1640
What was the Germantown Petition
it was the first formal public written protest against Black chattel slavery in the American colonies.