Reconstruction Era
What were the Black Codes?
Laws passed in the South after the Civil War to restrict the freedom of African Americans and force them into labor contracts.
What were Jim Crow Laws?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
What freedoms are guaranteed by the 13th Amendment?
The abolition of slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An African American social reformer, abolitionist, and writer who escaped slavery and became a leading advocate for equality and justice.
What was a key event in Florida's history during the Civil War?
Florida's secession from the Union in 1861 and its role as a Confederate state.
How did the Nadir affect freed people?
It was a period of extreme racial oppression and violence that limited the rights and opportunities of African Americans.
How did Jim Crow Laws affect African Americans?
They institutionalized racial discrimination, limited voting rights, and enforced segregation in public spaces.
What does the 14th Amendment guarantee?
Equal protection under the law and due process for all citizens.
Name a key figure in the abolition movement that helped enslaved people escape through the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Tubman
How did Florida's economy change after the Civil War?
The economy shifted from plantation-based agriculture relying on slave labor to sharecropping and other labor systems.
What is the sharecropping system?
An agricultural system where farmers (often former slaves) would work land owned by someone else in return for a share of the crops.
Identify a major consequence of Jim Crow Laws.
Widespread disenfranchisement of African American voters and social segregation.
How does the 15th Amendment protect voters?
It prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
What role did Sojourner Truth play?
An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speeches, including "Ain't I a Woman?"
Name one major migration pattern in Florida history.
The migration of African Americans during the Great Migration to northern cities for better opportunities.
Describe the difference between the Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws.
Black Codes were enacted immediately after the Civil War to control freed slaves, while Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation and discrimination.
How did Jim Crow Laws influence segregation?
They mandated separate facilities for whites and blacks, reinforcing systemic racism.
Compare the 14th and 15th Amendments.
The 14th Amendment focuses on citizenship and equal protection, while the 15th Amendment specifically addresses voting rights.
Identify a significant group that influenced Reconstruction.
The Freedmen’s Bureau, which helped establish schools and provide assistance to formerly enslaved people.
What was the impact of the Great Migration on Florida?
It led to demographic changes, increased urbanization, and the establishment of vibrant African American communities.
What was debt peonage?
A system where laborers were tied to their employer through debt, making it difficult to escape poverty and achieve economic freedom.
What was the impact of Jim Crow on voting rights?
It led to literacy tests, poll taxes, and other barriers that disenfranchised African American voters.
What was the significance of the Reconstruction Amendments?
They aimed to establish civil rights and protections for newly freed African Americans after the Civil War.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois, and what did he advocate?
An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who advocated for immediate equality and higher education for African Americans.
Describe how Florida's history relates to the Civil Rights Movement.
Florida was a site of significant civil rights activism, including protests and legal battles against segregation and discrimination.