Scramble for Africa
European countries divided Africa mainly during this event in 1884–1885.
What is the Berlin Conference?
Artificial borders sometimes placed rival groups in the same country, leading to these types of conflicts.
What are ethnic conflicts?
This idea helped many African countries gain independence because people believed their nation should govern itself.
What is nationalism?
Apartheid was a system that separated people based on this.
What is race?
This movement encouraged unity among people of African descent around the world.
What is Pan-Africanism?
European nations wanted African land largely because it contained these valuable natural materials used in factories.
What are raw materials/resources?
Many modern African countries still use these boundaries that were originally created by European colonial powers.
What are colonial borders?
After World War II, many African soldiers wanted these political rights after fighting for European countries.
What are independence/self-government?
Under apartheid, many non-white South Africans were forced to live in special areas called these.
What are homelands/Bantustans?
This word means people have the right to choose their own government.
What is self-determination?
When Europeans created borders in Africa, they often ignored these existing cultural groups.
What are ethnic groups or tribes?
When Europeans divided Africa, they often placed different ethnic groups in the same country. This sometimes caused what kind of problem?
What is conflict between ethnic groups?
This rebellion in Kenya showed strong anger against British rule.
What is the Mau Mau Uprising?
This leader spent 27 years in prison for fighting against apartheid.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
Both colonial rule and apartheid gave most political power to this group.
What is a small minority group?
European countries competed for African land to show their power and importance. This feeling of pride in a nation is called this.
What is nationalism?
European countries created borders in Africa without asking the people who lived there. This often made it harder for countries to do this after independence.
What is create a stable government?
Nigeria gained independence mostly through this method.
What is peaceful negotiation/talking with leaders?
This South African president worked with Nelson Mandela to help end apartheid.
Who is F.W. de Klerk?
In the 1990s, South Africa changed from apartheid to this type of government where all races could vote.
What is a democracy?
When colonies exported raw materials but had to import manufactured goods, it created this type of economic relationship.
What is mercantilism?
Many modern conflicts in Africa can be connected to European countries dividing Africa into colonies during this time period know as.
What is the Scramble for Africa?
Nationalist movements across Africa wanted to end this type of foreign control.
What is colonial rule/imperialism?
Many countries tried to pressure South Africa to end apartheid by stopping trade with them. These are called this.
What are economic sanctions?
Many problems in Africa today connect back to this time when European countries controlled African land.
What is imperialism/colonial rule?