Vocab
the trading of slaves across the Atlantic Ocean
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
first European country to begin the slave trade
Portugal
what religion spread to Africa as a result of the empires trading
Islam
ID papers that blacks had to carry around 24/7
Passbooks
people sent by a church to spread their religion among native populations
Missionaries
journey slaves took across the Atlantic to the Americas
Middle Passage
why were slaves in such demand in the Americas
The crops grown there required a lot of labor (cotton, tobacco, sugar)
what was the main item traded for all 3 empires
GOLD
Government controlled areas that separated based on cultural groups
Homelands
What was the Berlin Conference?
Conference where European countries met to decide which countries get what land in Africa
the practice of directly controlling and settling foreign territories
colonialism
what was different about slavery in Africa? (2 things)
In some cases, they could buy their own freedom after a certain time. In other cases, slaves were part of the master’s family.
name 3 differences between the empires
Occur during different time periods
Slightly different items traded
Different locations
Name 3 laws during apartheid
Homelands
Passbooks
No interracial marriage
Separate facilities for the races (schools, buses, restaurants)
Best land went to the whites
Blacks could not live in cities, only outside of cities in hostels, could only go to cities to work
Could not vote
What is the difference between colonialism & imperialism
Imperialism→ spreading influence, owning from a distance vs. Colonialism→ directly settling & controlling
what is the definition of Pan-Africanism
movement to unify Africans, brought together leaders
name 4 impact of the slave trade on Africa
1. communities were weakened due to loss of male leaders
2. began wars
3. loss of population
4. racism
which 2 empires helped spread the Islamic religion
Songhai & Askum
name the 2 goals of Apartheid
1. to separate South Africa’s white minority from its non-white majority
2. to divide black South Africans along tribal lines in order to decrease their political power
How did the slave trade leave African vulnerable to colonialism
-Lost men, important community leaders
-African empires fighting, stopped trading → Africans did not have guns, hard to stop the Europeans
-Caused economies to collapse
what is the definition of imperialism
the practice of extending a nation’s influence by controlling other territories
what 3 items did Europe trade with Africa to obtain slaves
guns, textiles, manufactured goods
which 2 empires participated in the slave trade
Songhai & Ghanan
Afrikaner National Party
Name 4 things that European countries wanted that Africa had (reason for colonization)
gold, oil, minerals, land, slaves