Ghana
What trade item did the Berbers (Arabs) in North Africa have access to?
Salt
What did the kingdom of Mali do in order to gain power after Ghana fell? (3)
(1) Mali took over Ghana's trade routes
(2) Mali took control of the gold fields
(3) Mali increased its military power and used generals to rule over provinces
What did the kingdom of Songhai do in order to gain power after Mali fell?
Songhai took over the trade routes and gold fields that Mali controlled.
Name 3 different inventions by the ancient Chinese.
paper, printing, tea, porcelain, silk, gunpowder, acupuncture, rocket, etc.
What mountain range is located to the north of India?
The Himalayas
What trade item did the people south of Ghana have access to in their rivers?
Gold
How was the king of Mali at the height of its wealth and power?
Mansa Musa
How large was Songhai compared to Ghana and Mali that came before it?
It was the most expansive (largest) of the 3 West African Kingdoms.
How did the geography of China help with its defensive position?
China is mostly surrounded by mountains, jungle, and water, which made invasions of the country difficult.
What geographical feature is India with much of its land mass surrounded by water?
peninsula
How did Ghana make money? (2)
(1) Ghana taxed people to use its roads for their trading
(2) Ghana's military protected the roads and scared other kingdoms into paying tribute
What significant decision did Mansa Musa make about his religion?
He converted to Islam which aligned more with his people's beliefs.
Who was Songhai's greatest leader, known for never losing a single battle?
Sonni Ali
What was the name of the system of trade routes used by Europeans to reach China for trade and what did they trade? (2)
(1) the silk road
(2) silk, porcelain, tea, gold, etc.
What was the major religion of Ancient India?
Hinduism
What is a holy war?
It is a war fought over religious beliefs.
How did Mali build up its empire? (2)
(1) military power
(2) inviting the best and brightest arab scholars to teach at Timbuktu, a center of learning
What did the leaders of Songhai do to make sure the entire kingdom was on the same page and consistent?
Leaders standardized weights and measures to make sure they were uniform across the kingdom.
After getting rid of the Mongol rule of the Yuan dynasty, what vision did the Ming dynasty have for China?
The Ming dynasty viewed foreigners/outsiders as barbarians, and they isolated China by cutting off China to foreigners.
How did the Ancient Hindus believe karma affected reincarnation?
You get what you put out into the world, so people would be reincarnated based on how they lived their previous life.
How did Ghana lose control in the Holy Wars?
The people of Ghana, many of them, chose their religion (Muslim) over their loyalty to the rulers of Ghana.
Describe Mansa Musa's hajj.
It's a pilgrimage that every Muslim must make at some point in their life as part of the Islamic religion to be closer to god and walk in the footsteps of Mohammed.
How did Songhai fall to a much smaller fighting force?
The invaders from North Africa had guns.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
The belief that the Emperor was a representative of the heavens, but they only served as long as people believed they were doing an honorable job (there were 13 dynasties).
Describe the caste system in Ancient India.
There are 4 castes that are very rigid (meaning there is little movement between them). The higher the caste, the closer to you are to the gods. It's a reflection of your karma in previous lives and is tied social status.