A
When was the Union of South Africa formed?
1910
Name two political parties/organisations that formed to combat the Union.
SANNC, ICU, APO
What does SANNC mean and what did it change to?
South African Native National Congress, and later became known as the ANC.
How did the SANNC and APO challenge the creation of the Union?
They sent a delegation to London.
What was the Natives Land Act?
In 1913, the Land Act allocated only 7% of land to black South Africans (homelands).
What was the Atlantic Charter?
A WWII policy document to be used a blue-print for a post-war world.
Who created the Atlantic Charter?
Winston Churchill and Roosevelt (FDR)
1941
What document did Dr Xuma create before WWII?
African Claims
How many black South African soldiers fought during WWII?
123000
Who was the Chairperson of the ANC during WWII?
Alfred Bitini Xuma.
Who was the Prime Minister of South Africa before WWII?
Jan Smuts
What role did African soldiers have during WWII?
They were ambulance drivers, stretcher carriers, cooks and would carry guns for white soldiers.
What two types of Nationalism emerged after WWII?
Charterism and Garveyism (Pan-Africanism)
Which party broke away from the ANC after WWII?
Pan-Africanist Congress
Why did the Atlantic Charter create a sense of hope for African people?
It demanded that land taken away should be given back, and it demanded that people who had lost their rights would become citizens of the country.
What were black soldiers promised after WWII?
They were promised recognition, equality, and restoration of land and rights.
Discuss the ideology of Charterism.
The belief that all South Africans, even white South Africans, should work together to promote equality.
Which writer created the ideology of Pan-Africanism?
Marcus Garvey
How does Pan-Africanism differ from Charterism?
It promoted the idea that only African and African-descended people should unite to fight oppression (no white people).
What was African Claims?
A document calling for equal rights for Africans if they participated in the war.
What role did WWII play in shifting African political attitudes in the 1940s?
WWII raised hopes via the Atlantic Charter and promises, but betrayal afterward led to anger and activism.
What did black soldiers face when they returned from WWII?
hey received no financial aid, jobs, or support for reintegration (rehabilitation).
How did WWII and the creation of apartheid accelerate African Nationalism?
It exposed the hypocrisy (lies) of the government’s promises, leading to greater political activism. It also led to the ANC splitting.
When white soldiers returned from war, what effect did it have on the black people who had remained in SA.
They lost their jobs and were forced to maintain low-skilled jobs.