Rhode Island
He was excommunicated from the Massachusetts Bay colony because he believed in the separation of church and state. He would later go on to establish a colony south of Massachusetts.
Who is Roger Williams?
She advanced a vision of self-determination through education and social uplift for Black women. Its central thesis was that the educational, moral, and spiritual progress of Black women would improve the general standing of the community.
Who is Anna Julia Cooper?
This commodity was produced in Rhode Island to trade for African bodies in West Africa.
What is Rum? or What is cloth?
Movement between 1965 and 1972 where African American students, at upwards of a thousand historically black and white American colleges and universities, organized, demanded, and protested for the inclusion of Black Studies on their campuses.
What is the Black Campus Movement?
Term used to describe a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin. The term is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently reside elsewhere.
What is Diaspora?
This group provided land to those seeking to settle south of the Massachusetts Bay colony.
Who are the Narragansett?
He published his memoirs in 1789 about his home, kidnapping and enslavement. His text is still an important tool for teaching and understanding slavery and the British slave trade.
Who is Olaudah Equiano?
A crucial conduit for information concerning the plight of Black people throughout the Atlantic World.
What are enslaved and free Black seamen?
The Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement.
What was the inspiration for the Black Campus Movement?
An African American term coopted by white conservatives to signify the belief that there are systemic injustices in American society and the need to address and reject them.
What is "woke" or "wokeism"?
Newport, Providence, Plymouth and Warwick
What four towns first made up the colony of Rhode Island?
Activist, author, and professor of Africana studies, he is best known as the creator of the pan-African and African American holiday of Kwanzaa. He suggests there are three major schools of Black psychology.
Who is Dr. Maulana Karenga?
St. Christopher, Antigua, Nevis, Montserrat, Barbados, Jamaica ...
What are England's first West Indian colonies?
The two college campuses at the forefront of the fight for Black Studies.
What are San Fransisco State (College) University and Cornell University?
To "go back and fetch it," or, "You have to know your past in order to know your future."
What is "Sankofa."
These people were the first to provide free labor in the colonies.
What were indentured servants?
This scholar advances the thesis that slavery, a reflection of a patriarchal and racist social order, not only oppressed Black men, but it defeminized enslaved women as well.
Who is bell hooks?
The first European group to sail down the West coast of Africa.
Who are the Portuguese?
According to Ibram X. Kendi, the existence of the field of Black studies in higher education in the United States is a direct result of advocacy by what group?
What are Black Student Unions?
Igbo term meaning "to be greater than another," or power
What is Nkali?
This prominent merchant family and sea captain was responsible for one of the most horrendous slave voyages during the 18th century where 109 captive Africans perished.
Who were the Brown Brothers and Esek Hopkins?
This prominent scholar notes “The primary objective of freeing the Black mind is to change the consciousness of Black people,” and identifies four categories of mental illness among African Americans.
Who is Dr. Na'im Akbar?
A mechanism used to enslave as well as set the parameters for trade by the specific European groups.
What is Christianity?
A coalition of the Black Students Union, the Latin American Students Organization, the Filipino American Collegiate Endeavor (PACE) the Filipino-American Students Organization, the Asian American Political Alliance, and El Renacimiento, a Mexican-American student organization, formed at San Francisco State University (SFSU) to call for campus reform.
What is the Third World Liberation Front?
An intellectual framework that attends to the ideological, philosophical, and material indications of Black movements in dialectical, but not deterministic, relationships with the geographies and environments of Black life and struggle.
What is Black ecologies?