Unit 1
What is the definition of Biology?
The study of life
What is ecology?
The study of interactions that take place between organisms (biotic) and their environment (abiotic).
Why do cells divide instead of continue to grow?
1. Too many demands on the DNA
2. Too difficult to make things around the cell.
What is a polygenic trait?
Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
What is RNA and what is it's rule?
I it is ribonucleic acid and it acts as a massenger carrying instructions from DNA.
What is the difference between a monomer and polymer? (in definition)
A monomer is a single molecule and polymer is many molecules
3 symbiotic relationships?
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus and Eukaryotic do.
What is the difference between Diploid and Haploid cells in humans?
The main difference is Diploid cells contain 46 chromosomes and Haploid cells contain 23 in humans.
What are the base pairing rules?
Adenine goes with Thymine
cytosine goes with Guanine
What are the 4 carbon Macro molecules?
Carbs, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Proteins
What are the five levels of organization?
1.Organism
2.Population
3.Biological Community
4.Ecosystem
5.Biosphere
What are three types of solutions that can occur in your body based on solute concentration?
An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside of the cell.
What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allie?
A dominant allele is always expressed or seen. A recessive allele is only expressed when in a homozygous pair.
What is DNA and what does it stand for?
It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a self-replicating material that is in all living organisms and is made up of chromosomes.
What are the five steps of the scientific method?
1. Make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Make a prediction
5. test the prediction
6. Use results to conclude and reflect on
What are the 3 Factors That Affect Population Size?
1-# of births
2-# of deaths
3-# of individuals that enter or leave a population
What are the four modes of cell transport?
Osmosis, diffusion, Active and Passive Transport
If a piece of the chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to another non homologous chromosome this is known as what?
Translocation
What are the three replication steps in DNA?
1. Unwinding and unziping
2. complementary base paring
3. joining
What are the 8 Characteristics of life?
1.Cells
2.Reproduce
3.Genetic Code
4.Grow and Develop
5.Use Energy
6.Respond to their environment
7.Maintain a stable internal environment
8.Change over time
What are the 4 processes of carbon cycle?
Biological
Geochemical
Mixed Biochemical
Human Activity
Explain the four stages of Mitosis
Prophase is when the chromosomes become visible and nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase is where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase is when sister chromatids are pulled apart
Telophase is where 2 new nuclear membranes re-form around chromatids
Cytokensis is the division of cytoplasm
Explain Miesois 1 in the five steps.
Meisos 1 starts with Prophase 1 where the nuclear envelope becomes visible and the stage of crossing over begins. Crossing over is where the two homologous chromosomes pair up and then they overlap and swap chromatin. Metaphase 1 is where the chromosomes line up in the middle. Anaphase 1 is where the chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell. Telophase 1 is two new nuclear membranes form. Cytokensis is two new diploid cells form 46 chromosomes.
Explain Point and Frameshift mutation.
Point mutation is at a single nucleotide (substitution, addition, or removal)
Frameshift mutation is Insertion (an extra nucleotide inserted) or Deletion (nucleotide deleted)