Introduction
What percent of the US population was directly involved in production ag in 1860?
60%
If soils have a higher percentage of this soil component, the lime needed will most likely be higher
Clay
What does N P K stand for?
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium
What are the two major types of mouthparts in insects?
Chewing
Sucking mouthpart
From what decade have we seen a sustained increase in ag production?
1930's
What is the maximum rate recommended of lime at one application?
4 tons/acre
What are the 2 methods to determine how much fertilize to apply?
Soil test
Plant tissue tests
_______________ are the levels at which some control should be exerted to prevent a pest population from increasing further.
Economic Thresholds
What has been the term we used to describe increasing farm size and higher production from larger farms?
Productionism
At what pH level is it recommended to start applying lime in predominantly grass pastures and hayfields?
5.8
Let's say a soil test calls for 75 lbs/acre of N. Using Urea 46-0-0 as the source, how many lbs of urea will need to be applied to add the 100lbs of N?
163
What are the three types of insects that cause damage by sucking?
Stippling effect on the leaves
Burning on the leaves
What are 4 of the 5 characteristics of a country with developed agriculture?
•Steadily increasing productivity
•A continuing decline in the number of mid-sized farms
•Increasing farm size
•Increasing percentage of production by fewer, large farms
•Increasing dependence on technology
What are the 2 major types of Ag Lime?
Calcitic
Dolomitic
What are 4 common fertilizer ingredients that we can source nitrogen from?
34-0-0 Ammonium Nitrate
46-0-0 Urea
20-0-0 Ammonium Sulfate
18-46-0 Diammonium Phosphate (DAP)
What are the four types of damages caused by chewing insects?
Defoliators
Borers
Leaf miners
Root feeders
What were the 5 scientific advances that we identified in class that have lead to steady yield increases during the 20th century?
•Development of higher yielding cultivars
•Synthetic fertilizers
•Improved insect, weed, disease control
•Better soil management
•Mechanization
What are 5 specific benefits of lime?
•Correct soil pH
•Improve physical conditions of soil
•Source of Calcium
•Accelerate decomposition
•Increased fertilizer efficiency
Increased nutrient availability
What are three benefits of using the "banding" method of fertilize placement?
Reduces P and K fixation
Fertilizer is within reach of roots
Fewer nutrients are available for weeds
What are 5 of the 6 controls used in IPM?
Natural controls
Biological control
Cultural control
Mechanical control
Sanitation
Chemical control