Chapter 1
What are the steps to creating numerical model?
OBS, Analyis
Uses past and present obs to make a forecast
statical model
Strongest winds at the base the rough will
move rapidly eastward
a jet max that is situated or moves to the western side of a low will cause
to deepen
thermal advection, vorticity advection, adiabatic process, diabetic process
things that affect the development of extra-tropical cyclones
Dynamical model, statical model, combination model
3 classifications of NWP models
Subtropical jet is found at
200pha
strongest winds at the east side the tough will
fill
measure of local rotation of atmospheric parcels
vorticity
warm air advection occurs on the east side
of barolcinic low
use of OBS to stimulate the behavior of the entire atmosphere to produce a forecast
Dynamical Model
Polar jet is found at
300pha
closed contours, southwestern coast, strongest winds neither north or south of the center
cut off lows
cyclonic spin
Positive vorticity
cold core barotropic highs form
+N of the jet
COMAPS, WRF
Nonhyrdostatic model
CAA on the west of trough
trough deepens
Divergence and upper height falls are associated with
high wind speeds, and cyclonic rotation
sum of both curvature vorticity and shear vorticity
relative vorticity
warm core highs form
-N of the jet
General model limitations are
limited obs, boundary erros, loss of mesoscale features, parameterization of convection, inadequate parameterization of physical process
strongest winds aloft on the western side
deepens the trough
accounts for planetary rotation
absolute vorticity
a jet max has rounded the southern periphery of the low and is moving
poleward and will fill
Vnotch is a reflection of
strong upper-level diffluent low