Absolutism
A system of government where the ruler has complete control or authority over the government and the lives of the people
What is absolutism or absolute monarchy?
A time which thinkers emphasized the use of reason
What is the Enlightenment?
States that humans have certain rights that they are born with
What are Natural Rights (Law)?
Rights that cannot be legally taken away
What are inalienable rights?
Believed powers should be decentralized- Separation of Powers
Who is Montesquieu?
The idea that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
What is divine right of kings?
Two events that inspired the Enlightenment period, both of which introduced new ways of thinking
What the Scientific Revolution and the Renaissance?
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Believed in minimizing censorship- freedom of speech, expression and religion
Who is Voltaire?
Individuals who inherit their positions through blood or marriage
Who are monarchs (king, queen, etc.)?
People that examined ideas about government, law, and society and called for reforms to uphold people’s natural rights
Who are philosphers?
Divides responsibilities of government into separate branches to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful
What is separation of powers?
Belief in God based on reason rather than revelation or the teaching of any specific religion; God made the universe and left us alone to run it
What is deism?
Believed people are basically good, but society corrupts them so they should give up some freedoms to be governed and establish an organized society
Who is Rousseau?
A person who favors or enforces strict obedience
Who is an authoritarian?
Enlightenment thinkers relied on what to uncover "natural" laws and unchanging principles that govern life
What is reason?
An agreement between a government and its people that defines the rights and responsibilities of each party
What is a social contract?
The majority will of the people; the idea that the government is based on the consent of the people and is subject to their will
What is popular soverneity?
Believed that a government has an obligation to uphold the natural rights of its people, otherwise they should overthrow it- His ideas influenced the American Revolution and other revolutions across the world as well as The Declaration of Independence
Who is John Locke?
With enlightenment ideas spreading and challenging absolutism, people began to revolt and demand change, leading to what events
What are the revolutions?
Enlightenment thinkers turned away from absolutism and divine right and instead toward what type of government and consideration
What is democracy and individual rights?
The idea that society should adhere to laws that protect the rights and freedoms of all individuals, leading to a system where everyone is subject to the same legal standard
What is rule of law?
A political and economic ideology that advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy; French phrase that means “allow to do”
What is Laissez-faire?
Two philosophers who had opposing views on the role of government
Who are Hobbes and Locke?