The Reformation
Who is Martin Luther?
This German monk posted the 95 Theses in 1517
What is deduction?
Reasoning from general to specific is called this
What is liberalism?
This philosophy supports individual rights and limited government.
This English philosopher believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property
Who is John Locke?
What is an indulgence?
This Catholic practice of selling pardons for sins angered Luther.
What is induction?
Reasoning from specific to general is called this
The idea of life before laws or government existed
What is the state of nature?
Who is Voltaire?
This French Enlightenment thinker defended freedom of speech and religion
What is the printing press?
This invention by Gutenberg spread Reformation ideas
What is Divine Providence?
Belief that God governs and directs all events
What is the social contract?
This idea says government power comes from the people’s agreement.
Who is Denis Diderot?
This French philosopher edited the Encyclopedia to spread Enlightenment ideas
What is the Protestant Reformation?
This movement created Protestant churches in the 1500s
What is a skeptic?
A person who doubts or questions accepted knowledge.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
This English philosopher believed humans are selfish and need strong rulers
Who is John Locke?
This thinker’s ideas about consent of the governed influenced the U.S. Declaration of Independence.
What is faith?
Luther believed salvation came through this alone, not works or money
Who is René Descartes?
This French thinker, known as the father of modern philosophy, wrote “I think, therefore I am.”
What is The Leviathan?
This 1651 book by Hobbes argued for absolute authority.
Who is Voltaire?
This Enlightenment thinker was famous for satire and criticism of intolerance, especially in works like Candide.