The Age of Discovery Explorers
This Portuguese explorer was the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India, establishing a lucrative spice trade route.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
These "Three G’s" summarize the primary motives for European exploration: the desire to spread Christianity, attain wealth, and achieve personal or national fame.
What are God, Gold, and Glory?
This Genoese sea captain sailed west across the Atlantic in 1492, mistakenly believing he had reached the East Indies when he actually stepped onto a Caribbean island.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
In 1607, a group of London investors founded this colony in Virginia, making it the first permanent English settlement in North America.
What is Jamestown?
Northwest Coast tribes developed social classes based on wealth, which families displayed in this ceremony by giving gifts to the community.
What is a potlatch?
In 1534, this explorer claimed present-day Canada for France and was the first European to map the Saint Lawrence River.
Who is Jacques Cartier?
This Portuguese prince, known as "The Navigator," used his own fortune to found a navigation school and fund over 14 voyages along the western coast of Africa.
Who is Prince Henry?
In 1519, this Spaniard landed in Mexico and eventually conquered the Aztec Empire with the help of superior weaponry, native allies, and disease.
Who is Hernando Cortés?
This French explorer sailed up the St. Lawrence River with 32 colonists and founded Quebec, which became the base of France’s colonial empire in North America.
Who is Samuel de Champlain?
In the dry Southwest, the Anasazi built these large, apartment-style compounds made of stone and sun-baked clay or adobe.
What are pueblos?
Between 1405 and 1433, this Chinese mariner led seven massive voyages to Africa and India using giant "treasure ships".
Who is Zheng He?
In 1488, this Portuguese captain became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa, though his crew was too exhausted to continue to India.
Who is Bartolomeu Dias?
This conquistador led a small force into South America in 1532, where he kidnapped and eventually executed the Incan ruler Atahualpa.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
To expand their fur trade, the Dutch established this North American colony, which included a trading post on Manhattan Island known as New Amsterdam.
What is New Netherland?
The last great Mound Builder culture, known as this, built thriving villages like Cahokia and established trade networks from the Rockies to the Atlantic.
What is the Mississippian (culture)?
Although he was killed in the Philippines during the voyage, his 1519–1522 expedition became the first to circumnavigate the Earth.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
This innovative ship design featured triangular "lateen" sails, which allowed explorers to sail effectively against the wind.
What is the Caravel?
This term describes the large population of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry that emerged during the colonization of the Americas.
What is mestizo?
This 1754 conflict between the British and the French over territories in the Ohio Valley eventually became part of the larger Seven Years’ War.
What is the French and Indian War?
To ensure joint defense and cooperation, five tribes in upper New York speaking related languages formed this famous political alliance.
What is the Iroquois League?
He was the first Englishman to successfully sail around the world and was famously known as "El Draque" (The Dragon) by the Spaniards.
Who is Sir Francis Drake?
To prevent war over newly "discovered" lands, Spain and Portugal signed this 1494 agreement to honor a boundary line through the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Under this Spanish labor system, Native Americans were forced to farm, ranch, or mine for Spanish landlords who often abused them despite promising fair treatment.
What is the encomienda (system)?
This Native American ruler, also known as King Philip, led a massive and bloody attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts in 1675.
Who is Metacom?
Most Native American groups shared a similar religious belief that the world was filled with nature spirits and that this was a sacred source of life that could not be sold.
What is the land?