New Monarchies
THESE WARS in Spain re-Christianized the Iberian peninsula, which had been predominantly Muslim for centuries, and ended in 1492 with the re-taking of Grenada.
What is the Reconquista?
When steering a ship, if you want to turn your ship due north, you can use one of these magnetic instruments.
What is a compass?
This class of people emerged in the 1300 - 1600s in Europe. They were business people and traders. Shakespear wrote a play about them: "The _______ of Venice."
What are merchants?
This major religion was brought to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange.
What is Christianity?
This conquistador did not have the monarch's permission to leave Cuba, but did so anyway and waged war against the Aztecs in Mexico.
Who was Cortez?
Name the famous "Three Gs" that are the European reasons for going to the Americas.
What are God, Glory, and Gold?
THIS CATHOLIC TRIBUNAL suppressed heresy, especially among converted Jews and Muslims in Spain. It was characterized by persecution, torture, and public executions. The goal was to consolidate power in Spain by making everyone Catholic.
What is the Spanish Inquisition?
When coming into port, you want to stay in the channel. Turning left and right is made easier with this new invention.
What is a sternpost rudder.
This economic system is characterized by a nation selling more to their colonies than they buy. The mother country (metropole) nation will control trade and prohibit colonies from trading amongst themselves too. The metropole will also stockpile precious metal to support its currency.
What is mercantilism?
THESE CATHOLICS were the main group doing missionary work in the Americas. They converted indigenous people to Catholicism.
Who were the Jesuits?
The Pope saw a war brewing between Spain and Portugal and did not want two Catholic nations battling for colonies. So they signed THIS TREATY, which divided the Atlantic ocean, given Brazil and points east to Portugal, while Spain claimed the rest of the Americas.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This medieval author wrote books about traveling on the Silk Road.
Who was Marco Polo?
40% of Jews were killed in anti-Semetic pogroms in Spain. Jews forced to change their religious affiliation to Catholicism were called THIS SPANISH WORD.
What are conversos?
Lateen rigging (the shape of the sails) enabled ships to navigate through this type of weather.
What are headwinds?
This empire ruled modern day Türkiye. Western Europeans wanted to trade with India and China, but in order to do so, they had to pass through this empire, which was between Europe and Asia.
Who were the Ottomans?
THIS GROUP of English protestants sought religious freedom in the Massachusetts colony.
Who were the Puritans?
This is the name of the AZTEC RULER who was conquered by the Spanish and the INCA RULER who also lost his empire in Peru.
Who were Moctezuma and Atahualpa?
Before the Ottomans, this Muslim Caliphate ruled from the Iberian Peninsula, across the north coast of Africa, and much of the middle east. It controlled trade in the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and parts of the Indian Ocean.
What was the Abbasid Caliphate?
Louis XIV made THESE JUDICIAL OFFICIALS into nobles in France. Many of them served in the parliament and in doing so, he gained their political support (thus further consolidating his own power).
What are nobles of the robe?
These EARLY MAPS / CHARTS would help sailors understand which direction they needed to go in order to get to their destination. They included detail drawings of the coastlines.
What are portolani?
Countries like the Netherlands and England financed their exploration of the Americas in this era through these publicaly traded corporations.
What was the East India Companies?
Much of these eastern European unfree laborers were Orthodox Christians. They lived in the Russian Empire and worked the land in exchange for protection. They could not be bought or sold like enslaved people, but were not free to seek a living elsewhere.
Who were serfs?
THESE ARE THREE NEW WEAPONS that the Spanish brought to Mexico in their fight against the Aztecs and Inca.
What are guns, germs (smallpox, measles), steel weapons, and horses.
This Chinese explorer had ships far larger than those that Columbus sailed. He made it all the way to Madagascar on the east coast of Africa.
Who was Zheng He?
This document gave the Pope the right to the bishop's income in France and gave the French king the right to appoint bishops. It separated church and state in France and gave the monarch more authority over religion.
What is the Concordat of Bologna?
This handheld device had a map of the stars and could help sailors understand their latitude based on astronomy.
What is an astrolabe?
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
This is the main religion of the Jamestown colony in Virginia. Attending church was mandatory. This religion is a relic of Henry VIII.
What is Anglican (Church of England)?
In other words called the French and Indian War, THIS WAR saw Britain, France, and Spain battle over their new colonies in the Americas. On the European continent, Prussia faced off against France and Russia too. In the end, Great Britain and Prussia emerged as major powers, France was weakened.
What was the Seven Years' War?
THIS FAMOUS MAP was created around the year 100, during the Roman Empire. It showed the known world (from the European perspective). It excluded the Americas and Oceana.
What was Ptolemy's Geography?