Explorers
Who was the explorer that sailed into the Bahama Islands in 1492 on three ships while thinking he landed on the shores of the country of India?
Christopher Columbus
What was the Age of Exploration?
The period of time called that officially began in the early 15th century and lasted until the 17th century. This period is thought of as a time when Europeans began exploring the world by sea in search of trading partners, new goods, and new trade routes. In addition, some explorers set sail to simply learn more about the world.
What was the primary motivation for exploration?
Establishing new trade routes
Portugal established colonies in Brazil. How did this cause the native people of Brazil to suffer?
The native people were forced to work on sugar plantations and coerced into giving up their religion. Countless natives died from diseases and being overworked.
How did the voyages of explorers affect European commerce and economies?
more goods and raw materials entered Europe
What did Ferdinand Magellan accomplish?
A Portuguese navigator, he commanded an expedition that was the first to travel across the world (1480-1521)
Define cartography
the science and art of making maps
What were the 3 G's?
1. Glory (Fame and developing strong reputation) 2 Gold (trade routes to Asia and to become wealthy) 3. God (to spread Christianity)
What did the Europeans bring to the New World?
horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep
How did exploration and trade contribute to the growth of capitalism?
Why was Prince Henry named "Henry the Navigator"?
He started a school of navigation and sent explorers to sea almost every year.
Define colony.
A territory, very often very large, under the political and economic control of another country
Why was trade with the East difficult and expensive?
The Muslims and Italians controlled the flow of goods
What was the effect of the Spanish explorers on the Americas? (name at least 2)
They destroyed 2 advanced civilizations (the Aztecs and Incas). Many became laborers for the Spanish. Millions died from disease.
As a result of the Exploration, what determined the price of items?
Items sold for a price set by open market (supply and demand)
Who was Vasco da Gama? What did he accomplish?
He was the first person to sail directly from Europe to India. His success in doing so proved to be one of the more instrumental moments in the history of navigation. He subsequently made two other voyages to India, and was appointed as Portuguese viceroy in India in 1524.
Define mercantilism.
an economic policy by which nations try to gather wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies
What caused inflation in Europe?
Ships from the Americas that brought back gold and silver
What was the effect of the defeat of the Spanish Armada?
Spain no longer dominated the continent, and the English and Dutch took a more active role.
How was having colonies related to mercantilism?
Nations looked to colonies to supply raw materials for their industries at home, so they could turn the raw materials into finished goods. They would then sell those finished goods back to the colonies.
Who was Pedro Cabral and where did he end up?
He was a Portuguese explorer who reached present-day Brazil.
define market economy
an economy in which prices are determined by the buying and selling decisions of individuals in the marketplace
What gave Europeans a huge advantage over the people they met?
Improved weapons (such as cannons and guns), armor, and horses
What were the four factors that contributed to the defeat of the Aztec Empire?
1. Aztec legend predicted the arrival of a white-skinned god, so they thought Cortes might be a god
2. Cortes made allies of the Aztecs' enemies
3. Their horses, armor, and weapons gave them an advantage
4. The Spanish carried diseases that caused epidemics among the Aztecs
How did the Age of Exploration change Europeans' view of the world?
(accept any reasonable answer)