SPICE ISLANDS ~ MOTIVES and MEANS
to preserve meat, fish, or other food by smoking, drying, or salting it
What is to cure?
a special journey taken by a group that has a clear purpose or goal
What is an expedition?
native to a particular region or environment
What is indigenous?
A cartographer is a?
What is a mapmaker?
providing benefits without costing a great deal
What is cost effective?
How important was it for explorers to have finally circumnavigated the globe?
What is sailing around the whole world was very important. It proved you could sail west to Asia, but the ocean was too big to be useful for trading. It also showed how big Earth really is and helped Europeans understand that they needed to find other ways to get to Asia?
a situation in which one person, country, or company has complete control of the supply of a good or service
What is a monopoly?
a group of ships sailing together with the same purpose and under the control of the same leader
What is a fleet?
a body’s ability to remain free of illness even after being exposed to the cause of illness.
What is immunity?
Many English and other European explorers searched for this northern sea route to Asia but were blocked by ice to the north and land to the south
What is the Northwest Passage?
cruel, unacceptable
What is inhumane?
How did the death of a king affect the Spice Trade?
When Portugal’s king died, Spain’s king took over Portugal and its spice business.However, Spain’s power was weakened after England defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588. This gave the Dutch a chance to take over the spice trade with their own company.
a chain of islands
What is an archipelago?
a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C
What is scurvy?
a large farm where one or more crops were grown by a large number of laborers; these crops were sold for a profit.
What is a plantation?
a large fleet of ships
What is an armada?
goods transported by a ship, plane, or truck
What is cargo?
The French and the English had different approaches to settlement in North America. In what ways were they different?
The English forcefully took Native American lands for farming and resources. The French developed peaceful trade relationships with Native Americans, especially in the fur trade. This resulted in fewer French settlers but a more cooperative relationship with Native Americans compared to the English.
the reason for taking a specific action
What is motive?
a unit of distance equal to approximately three miles
What is a league?
a crop that is grown to be sold.
What is a cash crop?
Pirate or Hero? Who attacked Spanish treasure ships and raided Spanish ports, earning Queen Elizabeth's favor; he circumnavigated the globe from 1577–1580, and his actions contributed to Spanish resentment leading to the Spanish Armada.
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
a person who owes an employer a certain amount of work for a certain amount of time in exchange for some benefit
What is an indentured servant?
How did European explorers and colonists treat the indigenous people of the Americas?
European explorers and colonists treated Native Americans very badly. They forced them to work in dangerous mines and plantations. They brought diseases that killed many Native Americans. They broke up families. They used an unfair system called the Encomienda that let colonists own Native Americans as workers. Many Native Americans died from disease and overwork.
Name two reasons that medieval Europeans used spices?
What is 1) To add flavor to food (spices made bland meals taste better and more interesting and 2) to cure and preserve food because they had no refrigeration?
a written record of a ship’s progress
What is a log?
the Spanish word for conqueror.
What is a conquistador?
to steal or take something by force
What is to loot?
the planting, growing, and harvesting of crops
What is cultivation?
Why do you think Portugal is described as a seagoing pioneer?
Portugal was a seagoing pioneer because their leaders were the first to support exploration and helped improve ships and maps. Portuguese explorers found new sea routes to Asia. Portugal also created a successful trade business that connected Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Spice Islands.
the tools, resources, or ability you need to do something
What is means?
the rebellion of a ship’s crew against the captain
What is mutiny?
the practice of taking unfair advantage of a person or group.
What is exploitation?
Italian-born, who changed his name when seeking English support, sailed for England's King Henry VII and claimed Newfoundland for England in 1497 after discovering rich fishing grounds.
Who is Giovanni Caboto/John Cabot?
a document issued by an authority giving a group certain rights
What is a charter?
What developments enabled Europeans to travel farther?
Better ships and new tools helped Europeans travel farther. They built stronger ships with better sails. They invented tools like the compass that helped them know where they were going. They also learned better ways to measure how far and how fast they traveled.
never mapped
What is uncharted?
a flag that represents a king or queen
What is a royal standard?
to travel completely around something.
What is to circumnavigate?
the practice of bringing people from a different country to control and settle an area that already has an indigenous population
What is colonization?
Dutchman who provided crucial information about Eastern traders, helping the Dutch enter the spice trade successfully.
Who was Jan van Linschoten?
How did the Age of Exploration lead to the development of the slave trade?
Explorers found valuable crops like sugar in the Americas that needed many workers. Native Americans got sick and died, so colonists brought enslaved Africans to do the work cheaply. This made Europeans rich but caused terrible suffering for millions of African people.
The Spice Islands are part of what modern-day country?
What is Indonesia?
Why was the Treaty of Tordesillas controversial?
The indigenous peoples who lived on the divided lands were not asked for their opinion.
What role did a diplomat play in the Treaty of Tordesillas?
What is they represented their government to work out a deal between Spain and Portugal?
When the indigenous population declined due to disease and overwork, Spain imported these workers to meet labor shortages.
Who were enslaved persons from Africa?
Three trading routes below were called
From Europe to Africa: Iron, guns, gunpowder, knives, cloth, beads. From Africa to Americas: enslaved people From Americas to Europe: Timber, tobacco, grain, sugar, rice
What is the Triangular Trade?
According to the author, how did the search for the Spice Islands change history?
What is People wanted to find the Spice Islands to get valuable spices. While looking for them, explorers found new lands, new oceans, and new people they never knew existed?