Introduction
Define imperialism
The policy of extending a nation's power and influence through diplomacy, economic control, or military force.
What movement emphasised reason and individual rights?
The Enlightenment.
What 1884–85 meeting divided Africa among European powers?
The Berlin Conference
What punishment was commonly used to enforce rubber quotas?
Amputation of hands or feet
What Ethiopian emperor led his nation to victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896?
Menelik II
What action typically starts imperialism?
Invasion
Who wrote The White Man’s Burden?
Rudyard Kipling
Which major African region became King Leopold II’s personal property?
The Congo Free State
Why did so many labourers die during construction projects? Give 3 reasons
Overwork, disease, malnutrition, and abuse
Menelik II modernised his army by purchasing weapons from these three European countries?
France, Russia, and Britain
What are the three main ways imperialism can be enforced?
Diplomacy, economic control, and military force.
Name 3 motivations for modern imperialism
Industrialisation, resource extraction, or geopolitical competition.
What African rivers were declared free trade zones?
The Congo and Niger Rivers
Why were “grisly trophies” like hands collected?
To account for bullets and terrorize workers
The Zulu Kingdom fought not just the British and Boers, but also what group of people?
Neighboring African tribes
What phrase describes how the elite separated themselves from ordinary people?
The “Ivory Tower.”
How does modern imperialism differ from ancient imperialism in terms of economic focus?
Modern imperialism focuses on using colonies for resources and markets for industrial goods.
Why did European powers frame colonization as humanitarian?
To justify exploitation using the "White Man’s Burden" idea
Name two major diseases that plagued forced labourers.
Malaria and gangrene (also tetanus, starvation, etc.)
Cetshwayo was exiled here before eventually returning?
Cape Town (and later London)
What ideology, influenced by Enlightenment and economic inequality, sought to end class struggle?
Marxism
Which philosopher said no one should harm another in “life, health, liberty or possessions”?
John Locke
What two conditions did Article XXXV require to validate territorial claims?
A physical administrative presence and maintenance of order
Who were the European mercenaries used to crush resistance?
The Force Publique
Name the battle in the Zulu Wars
Battle of Isandlwana