Causes
The process of extending control over other regions.
Imperialism
Taking control of a territory by force.
Colonisation.
This conference divided Africa among European powers.
Berlin Conference
The belief that stronger nations dominate weaker ones.
Social Darwinism
Identify one resource taken from colonies.
Rubber, gold, ivory, oil, sugar, etc.
One economic reason for imperialism.
Raw materials, markets, or profits
One method used to control colonies.
Military force, treaties, indirect rule, administration.
This empire controlled India.
British Empire
The idea of civilising other societies.
White Man's Burden
Name one benefit for Europe.
Wealth, trade expansion, power, prestige.
Industrialisation encouraged imperialism because of this need.
Need for raw materials and new markets
One reason military power supported imperialism.
Allowed enforcement of control and suppression of resistance.
This period saw rapid European expansion into Africa.
Scramble for Africa
National pride linked to empire.
Identify one negative impact on colonised peoples.
Exploitation, loss of land, cultural disruption
Explain THREE motivations for imperialism.
Economic gain, political power, nationalism, religion, strategic advantage.
Explain how military power supported imperialism.
European armies/navies enforced control, defeated resistance, and protected trade routes.
Explain why Africa was targeted.
Resources, markets, strategic locations, and weak resistance.
Explain how ideology justified imperialism.
Europeans believed they were culturally superior and had a duty to civilise others
Identify a consequence of imperialism for Africa/Asia.
Economic exploitation, political instability, cultural change, resistance movements
What was the main cause of imperialism (economic or political)?
Justify either position with evidence.
Was imperialism mainly economic or political?
Justify using evidence from industrial demand, nationalism, and strategic competition.
Impact of imperialism on colonised societies.
Loss of sovereignty, exploitation, cultural change, resistance movements, infrastructure development (uneven benefits).
Was imperialism justified at the time?
Argue using perspectives, ethics, and historical context.
Make an overall judgement of imperialism.
Balanced evaluation of benefits vs harm; most historians argue harm outweighed benefits for colonised peoples