Scramble For Africa
Which African kingdom successfully defeated an invading European army at the Battle of Adwa in 1896?
Ethiopia
What were two economic resources Europeans wanted from Africa?
Raw materials such as rubber, gold, diamonds, copper or other minerals.
Which battle in 1896 saw Ethiopia defeat Italy?
The Battle of Adwa
What was the Enlightenment?
An intellectual movement that promoted reason, knowledge, individual rights and questioning traditional authority.
In what years was the Berlin Conference held?
1884–1885
What was the main idea behind the European belief in the “White Man’s Burden”?
Widespread belief that Western civilisation (european united states) was far superior to all other civilizations
Which motive involved European countries wanting to gain more power and territory than their rivals?
Political
What was the main goal of Ethiopian resistance against Italy?
To protect Ethiopia’s independence and prevent Italy from taking control of the country.
Which idea encouraged people to use reason and logic instead of simply accepting traditional beliefs?
Rationalism/reason
What was the main purpose of the Berlin Conference?
The main purpose was to set rules for how European powers could claim and control territory in Africa and reduce conflict between European countries.
Why was the Suez Canal strategically important to Britain?
It provided a much faster trade route between Britain and India/Asia.
What was the “White Man’s Burden” and how did it justify imperialism?
It was the belief that Europeans had a duty to “civilise” other peoples. It was used to justify European control over African societies.
Which European country attempted to colonise Ethiopia?
Italy
What did Enlightenment thinkers believe people should use to understand the world?
Reason and logic
What did the principle of “effective occupation” mean?
Effective occupation meant European countries had to actually control and administer an African territory, rather than simply claiming it on a map.
What was King Leopold II's connection to the Congo,
He personally controlled the Congo Free State, where the population was exploited through forced labour and brutal treatment.
How did new technologies help Europeans colonise Africa?
Steamships, railways, telegraphs and improved weapons made travel, communication, transportation and conquest easier.
Who was the Ethiopian emperor who led resistance against Italy?
Menelik II
What was the “Ivory Tower”?
a concept where rich people have access to resources that are educational. Lower class below the ‘tower’ did not have these resources
How did the Berlin Conference change the way European powers claimed African territory?
The Berlin Conference established rules for claiming African territory, encouraging European countries to take physical control of areas. This helped speed up the Scramble for Africa.
Explain two reasons why Ethiopia was able to remain independent while most of Africa was colonised.
Ethiopia had a strong central government and military, and Emperor Menelik II successfully used diplomacy and modern weapons to resist European invasion.
How could economic and technological motives work together to encourage imperialism?
Technology made it easier to access and transport valuable resources, allowing Europeans to gain greater economic benefits from African colonies.
Explain one reason Ethiopia was able to successfully resist Italian colonisation.
Ethiopia had a strong military and was able to unite large numbers of soldiers against Italy.
How did Enlightenment ideas challenge absolute monarchy and influence political revolutions?
Enlightenment thinkers promoted natural rights, individual freedom, equality and limits on government power. These ideas challenged absolute monarchies and influenced revolutions such as the American and French Revolutions.
To what extent did the Berlin Conference accelerate European imperialism in Africa?
the Berlin Conference greatly accelerated European imperialism because it created rules for claiming territory and encouraged competition between European powers. However, imperialism had already begun because of factors such as economic interests, nationalism, new technology and political rivalry.