Toward a Modern World
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What is the practice of acquiring more lands, establishing colonies, and controlliing those colonies.
Imperialism
African railroads did not connect people. Instead, what were they meant to connect?
African railroads connected inland resources to shipping centers on the coasts.
Sepoys
An economy in which people grow their own food
Traditional Economy
What are the three elements of manufacturing?
Raw materials, manufacturing, finished product
As industrialized nations began running out of raw materials, what did they do?
They began to use colonies to get the materials they needed.
Why did European businesses typically not invest in schools, hospitals, or other infrastructure?
There was no profit to be made.
What is the British Raj?
An era of Britain's direct rule over India.
Market Economy
Before the steam engine in 1769, factories were built along rivers. Why?
River currents could turn a water wheel, which set the machines in motion
Social Darwinism
What major event allowed many African nations to achieve independence? Why?
World War II. European nations had suffered great losses, and overseeing and maintaining colonies was expensive.
The Mughal Empire controlled much of northern India from the 16th through the 18th centuries. What were two major factors that caused the empire to fall apart?
Fighting between rival factions combined with a Persian invasion.
Meeting of European nations were lines were drawn and Africa was "carved up", with no regard for the people of the area.
1884 Berlin Conference
Where did nations get raw materials required for manufacturing? Where did they sell their finished products?
Colonies
What is a cash crop? How did it make Africans more dependent on Europe?
A cash crop is a crop raised to be sold, rather than used at home. This meant that Africans becamed dependent on Europeans for most goods and foods.
Describe what type of rule the British prefered to have over colonies.
Indirect rule. A system in which the British prefered to work through established local rulers.
What event ended British East India Company rule in India, and led to the era of the British Raj?
Called the "Jewel in the Crown", which colony became Britains most profitable?
India
What is laissez-faire? How did Adam Smith discuss and apply this term in The Wealth of Nations in 1776?
Laissez-fair- allow people to do as they wish without interference.
Smith applied this term to government interference of business.
Civilization, Christianity, and Commerce
The French had a more direct rule over colonies. What was "paternalism" and "assimilation".
-Paternalism provided for the locals' needs as if they were children, but not giving them any rights.
-Assimilation was a policy that encouraged the colonized people to adopt the language and culture of France.
The Indian National Congress was formed in 1885. What league formed in 1906, why, and what modern nation did they create?
All-India Muslim League was formed in 1906, pushing for a separate Muslim state. That state would become Pakistan.
What famous treasure did Queen Victoria acquire as Empress of India?
The Kohinoor diamond, an Indian national treasure