15.1
Define: imperialism
a policy in which large or powerful countries seek to extend their influence and authority beyond their own border
What was the significant political impact of artificial borders during imperialism?
They often divided or grouped ethnic and cultural groups without regard for their existing boundaries.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884?
To avoid conflict among European powers over Africa colonization and establish new European territories
What was the final spark that led to the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857?
The introduction of rifles requiring cartridges greased with cow fat or pig fat
What created pressure on China to modernize during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
The rapid advancement of Western nations and Japan, which threatened China
In historical and cultural contexts, what does "the West" typically refer to?
Nations influenced by Western Europe, including the United States and Canada
What was one economic impact of colonial rule on local populations?
High costs of governing colonies led to taxes in cash, forcing many locals into labor jobs to pay.
Which three declining empires dominated the Muslim world in the 1800s?
Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire
What happened to India after the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857?
India became a colony under direct British rule, known as the British Raj.
What was the goal of the Boxer Uprising (1899-1900) in China?
To eliminate foreign influence and their technology from China
Different types of imperial rule (3)
colonial rule (French Direct & British Indirect)
protectorate
sphere of influence
What enabled Europeans to explore Africa’s interior during the 1800s?
New medical advances and technologies like river steamships
Why did Turks in the Ottoman Empire begin to persecute minority groups, particularly Christian Armenians, in the 1800s?
They accused Armenians of supporting Russia, which sought Ottoman territory.
Who was Ram Mohun Roy, and what were his beliefs?
A scholar who believed India should learn from the West while reforming certain Indian traditions
What was Japan's Isolation Policy of 1637, and how did it affect the country?
Japan closed itself off to most foreigners, banned overseas travel, and allowed only limited trade with the Dutch, isolating the country for 250 years.
What helped inspire the rise of nationalist movements in colonized regions?
Western-educated leaders called for freedom using Enlightenment ideals, believing people should govern themselves
King Leopold II personally hired British explorer Henry Stanley to explore the Congo River Basin. Which nation was he the king of?
Belgium
How did Great Britain gain control of the Suez Canal?
Egypt sold canal shares to repay debts; Britain purchased them.
What was the outcome of the First Opium War (1839–1842) between Britain and China?
The British easily defeated Chinese forces because of superior technology and resources.
What was the result of Commodore Perry's visit to Japan in 1853 and the subsequent Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)?
Japan opened three ports for American ships, unable to resist the power of the U.S. Navy.
Why did armed resistance by Africans and Asians against imperial powers often fail?
Lack of modern weapons compared to imperial powers
This nation, along with Liberia, were the only African nations to preserve independence during the Age of Imperialism:
Ethiopia
Who were the sepoys in colonial India?
Indian soldiers recruited by the British East India Company to maintain control and expand territories
What was the Treaty of Nanjing (1842), and why was it called an "Unequal Treaty"?
It was a treaty that heavily favored Britain, giving them control over Hong Kong and significant trading rights in China.
What was the motto of the Meiji Restoration, and what did it emphasize?
"A rich country, a strong military" - emphasizing economic growth and military strength