Scientific Revolution
idea that the earth is in the center of the universe
Geocentric
Held that for humans, life was "nasty, brutish, and short," and that man was essentially "bad" by nature.
Thomas Hobbes
Who made up the three different estates in France?
1st = Clergy
2nd = Nobles
3rd = Peasants
The Russians did this, as they retreated from Napoleons attack.
Scorched-earth policy
Burned/destroyed crops and buildings
Leader of the Haitian Revolution
Toussaint Louverture
He came up with the idea that the sun is in the middle of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
These rights were thought of by John Locke during the Enlightenment and you get them just by existing as a human being.
Natural Rights
What was the extremely radical group of leaders during the French Revolution called?
Jacobins
Napoleon tried to stop nations trading with Britain using what?
The Continental System
Where does the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
He created the Scientific Method: ask a Question, research, make a hypothesis, experiment, and make a conclusion.
Montesquieu's doctrine to separate governments into these three branches
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
What were the three items included in the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
What were 3 good/positive things Napoleon did during his reign?
Public schools, Built infrastructure, Encouraged business, Got rid of corruption, Religious toleration, No feudalism, Equality of citizens, Protects property
Who was the main leader of the Indian Independence Movement?
Mahatmas Gandhi
figured out that the orbits of the planets aren't actually circular but ellipse
Johannes Kepler
contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas by hosting these social gatherings all over Europe
Salons
What were 4 causes of the French Revolution?
Division of social classes, Enlightenment ideas, economic troubles, poor leadership, Estates General Meeting, Tennis Court Oath, storming of the Bastille
What island was Napoleon first exiled to?
What was the LAST island he was exiled to where he eventually died?
Elba
St. Helena
Which two countries turned communist after their people won their revolutions?
China and Russia
What were 4 things Galileo was put on trial for by the Catholic Church
Heliocentric theory, Sun has dark spots, Moon is uneven/rough, taught students, published findings, corresponded with others, Jupiter has 4 moons
Mary Wollstonecraft considered this the key to equality and freedom for women?
Education
What are the overall 6 Major causes of revolutions?
Changes in thought and freedoms
Unpopular ruling methods
Economic distress
Social injustice
Religious intolerance
Nationalism
What did the Congress of Vienna do?
1. Containment of France by strong countries
2. Balance of Power in Europe
3. Restored monarchs
France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and Austria