Plant Classification
The branch of science concerned with classifying and naming living organisms is:
Taxonomy
The primary function of the leaves is:
photosynthesis
Fruits are classified by:
The position of their seeds (e.g. strawberries have seeds on the outside)
__________ is the aging of a plant
senescence
_________ is when plants drop their parts
abscission
A __________ is a naturally occurring plant that is different from an established species, while _______ is a cultivated plant that is different from an established species.
a. variety
b. cultivar
The ________ carries water up from roots to leaves, while the __________ carries carbohydrates from leaves to other parts of the plant
a. xylem
b. phloem
This is called the vascular system
The ________ contain immature plant parts. The _____ is on the underside of the leaf, and it regulates gas exchange.
b. stomata
Name two changes that occur as fruit ripens
Fruits become softer
They change color
They change flavor
Name two differences between juvenile and mature plants
leaf shapes (juvenile plants have lobed leaves)
Growth forms (juvenile plants might climb on supportive structures while mature plants grow upright)
Juvenile plants sometimes have thorns
Juvenile plants retain their leaves
Which of the four main plant groups is non-vascular?
Bryophytes (mosses)
Name three functions of the roots
increase plant height
Water transport
site of leaf and flower attachment
Name three functions of the roots.
Anchor the plant
Absorb water and other nutrients
Store carbohydrates
Name three characteristics of the plant growth life state
flowering
shoot lengthening
leaf production
Name three characteristics of dormancy
slowed or stopped growth
leaf dropping
death of above ground plant parts
State how each of these plant groups reproduces:
Bryophytes
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Bryophytes and pteridophytes = spores
Gymnosperms = seeds, but no flowers
Angiosperms = flowering plants
Name the four parts of the plant vegetative body
roots, stems, leaves, buds
Under which environmental conditions is transpiration more and less likely to occur?
less = high humidity
Name the four stages of plant maturation
germination
juvenility
maturation
senescence
Name four different things that can trigger flower growth (trigger also known as flower induction)
cool temperatures (vernalization)
night duration
light intensity
stress
Name four differences between monocots and dicots
monocots = non-woody, short stem, single cotyledon (embryonic leaf), long narrow leaves with parallel veins, scattered vascular bundles, floral parts in groups of three
dicots = trees, shrubs, garden veggies, secondary growth, can be woody, two cotyledons, broad leaves with network of veins, ringed vascular bundles, leaves in groups of 4 or 5
Name the four parts of the root tip and each part's function
Root cap: protects the root
Root meristem: site of new root cell production
Zone of elongation: lengthens the root
Zone of maturation: where water and nutrients absorbed
Name and define the five plant physiological processes discussed in class.
Photosynthesis: Process by which plants make food from sunlight
Cellular respiration: Process by which plants use food to create energy
Translocation: Process by which water and nutrients move around plants
Transpiration: Movement of water from roots to leaves and out into the environment
Absorption: Water and minerals are taken up by the roots
Define the four different types of plants based on life cycles.
Annual = lives and dies in one growing season
Biennial = two years of growth with one dormant stage
Perennial = Live for many years and reproduce each year
Monocarp = Live for many years but only reproduce once
Name the three conditions necessary for seed germination. Germination begins when _______ and ends when __________.
Presence of water, presence of oxygen, proper temperature
Begins when the seed absorbs water, ends when the primary root emerges.